results: 实验结果表明，该方法可以准确检测和识别汽车上的感测器故障。Abstract
Sensor fault detection is of extreme importance for ensuring the safe operation of vehicles. This paper introduces a novel approach to detecting and identifying faulty sensors. For ground vehicles confined to the horizontal plane, this technique is based on six kinematics-based error metrics that are computed in real time by using onboard sensor data encompassing compass, radar, rate gyro, and accelerometer measurements as well as their derivatives. Real-time numerical differentiation is performed by applying the adaptive input and state estimation (AIE/ASE) algorithm. Numerical examples are provided to assess the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
摘要
感测器故障检测对于保证交通工具安全运行至关重要。本文介绍一种新的检测和识别故障感测器的方法。对于在水平面上行驶的地面交通工具，该技术基于六种动力学基础错误指标，通过在board上的感测器数据（ magnetometer、雷达、速度gyro和加速计）以及其导数来计算在实时中。实时数值分析通过应用适应输入和状态估计（AIE/ASE）算法进行。提供数值例子，评估提案的有效性。Note: The translation is in Simplified Chinese, which is the standard writing system used in mainland China. If you need the translation in Traditional Chinese, please let me know.
Multi UAV-enabled Distributed Sensing: Cooperation Orchestration and Detection Protocol
results: Monte Carlo simulations 表明，提出的框架可以提高检测精度和分辨率，并且比单一干扰无人机（UAV）标准做法具有更好的可靠性和稳定性。同时，与通用压缩感知（CS）方法相比，该框架具有较少的过载。Abstract
This paper proposes an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based distributed sensing framework that uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms to detect the position of a ground target, and UAVs operate in half-duplex mode. A spatial grid approach is proposed, where an specific area in the ground is divided into cells of equal size, then the radar cross-section (RCS) of each cell is jointly estimated by a network of dual-function UAVs. For this purpose, three estimation algorithms are proposed employing the maximum likelihood criterion, and digital beamforming is used for the local signal acquisition at the receive UAVs. It is also considered that the coordination, fusion of sensing data, and central estimation is performed at a certain UAV acting as a fusion center (FC). Monte Carlo simulations are performed to obtain the absolute estimation error of the proposed framework. The results show an improved accuracy and resolution by the proposed framework, if compared to a single monostatic UAV benchmark, due to the distributed approach among the UAVs. It is also evidenced that a reduced overhead is obtained when compared to a general compressive sensing (CS) approach.
摘要
Strategic Deployment of Swarm of UAVs for Secure IoT Networks
results: 比起当前的欢快算法，提案的框架在 IoT 网络中实现了更好的和更高效的机密性性能。Abstract
Security provisioning for low-complex and constrained devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) is exacerbating the concerns for the design of future wireless networks. To unveil the full potential of the sixth generation (6G), it is becoming even more evident that security measurements should be considered at all layers of the network. This work aims to contribute in this direction by investigating the employment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for providing secure transmissions in ground IoT networks. Toward this purpose, it is considered that a set of UAVs acting as aerial base stations provide secure connectivity between the network and multiple ground nodes. Then, the association of IoT nodes, the 3D positioning of the UAVs and the power allocation of the UAVs are obtained by leveraging game theoretic and convex optimization-based tools with the goal of improving the secrecy of the system. It is shown that the proposed framework obtains better and more efficient secrecy performance over an IoT network than state-of-the-art greedy algorithms for positioning and association.
摘要
安全资源分配 для低复杂和受限设备在互联网器物 (IoT) 是加剧未来无线网络设计的担忧。为探索 sixth generation (6G) 的潜力，越来越清楚地示出安全测量应该考虑到网络各层。这项工作想要贡献在这个方向，研究使用无人飞行器 (UAV) 为 IoT 网络提供安全传输。为达到这一目的，假设一组 UAV 作为空中基站，为网络和多个地面节点之间提供安全连接。然后， IoT 节点协会、UAV 的3D定位和 UAV 的能量分配通过游戏理论和几何优化工具来实现，以提高系统的秘密性。结果表明，该提案的框架比 estado-of-the-art 探索算法具有更好的和更高效的秘密性性能。
Maximizing the performance for microcomb based microwave photonic transversal signal processors
paper_authors: Yang Sun, Jiayang Wu, Yang Li, Xingyuan Xu, Guanghui Ren, Mengxi Tan, Sai Tak Chu, Brent E. Little, Roberto Morandotti, Arnan Mitchell, David J. Moss
for: This paper aims to analyze and improve the accuracy of microcomb-based MWP transversal signal processors.
methods: The paper uses a detailed analysis of error sources, including imperfections in microcombs, chirp of electro-optic modulators, chromatic dispersion of the dispersive module, shaping errors of optical spectral shapers, and noise of the photodetector.
results: The paper shows that feedback control can be used to compensate for errors caused by experimental imperfections, resulting in significantly improved accuracy for microcomb-based MWP transversal signal processors.Abstract
Microwave photonic (MWP) transversal signal processors offer a compelling solution for realizing versatile high-speed information processing by combining the advantages of reconfigurable electrical digital signal processing and high-bandwidth photonic processing. With the capability of generating a number of discrete wavelengths from micro-scale resonators, optical microcombs are powerful multi-wavelength sources for implementing MWP transversal signal processors with significantly reduced size, power consumption, and complexity. By using microcomb-based MWP transversal signal processors, a diverse range of signal processing functions have been demonstrated recently. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis for the processing inaccuracy that is induced by the imperfect response of experimental components. First, we investigate the errors arising from different sources including imperfections in the microcombs, the chirp of electro-optic modulators, chromatic dispersion of the dispersive module, shaping errors of the optical spectral shapers, and noise of the photodetector. Next, we provide a global picture quantifying the impact of different error sources on the overall system performance. Finally, we introduce feedback control to compensate the errors caused by experimental imperfections and achieve significantly improved accuracy. These results provide a guide for optimizing the accuracy of microcomb-based MWP transversal signal processors.
摘要
microwave photonic（MWP）横向信号处理器提供了一个有力的解决方案，实现多样化高速信息处理，并结合电子数字信号处理的可重配置优点和光子处理的带宽优势。通过使用微型振荡器生成多个独立激光波，光学微comb是一种具有显著减小体积、功耗和复杂性的多激光源。在这篇论文中，我们对实验性错误引起的处理不准确性进行了详细分析。首先，我们研究了不同来源的错误，包括微comb的不完美性、电极激光模ulator的倾斜、分析模块中的彩色偏振、光学spectral shaper的形状错误和光电转换器的噪声。接着，我们提供了全局的错误影响系统性能的图像。最后，我们引入反馈控制，以弥补实验性错误引起的错误，并实现了显著改善的精度。这些结果为微comb基于MWP横向信号处理器的精度优化提供了一个指南。
High-Precision Channel Estimation for Sub-Noise Self-Interference Cancellation
results: 通过分析和数值仿真， validate the effectiveness of the proposed method，并显示了我们的方法在实现下阻干扰抑制的优秀性能。Abstract
Self-interference cancellation plays a crucial role in achieving reliable full-duplex communications. In general, it is essential to cancel the self-interference signal below the thermal noise level, which necessitates accurate reconstruction of the self-interference signal. In this paper, we propose a high-precision channel estimation method specifically designed for sub-noise self-interference cancellation. Exploiting the fact that all transmitted symbols are known to their respective receivers, our method utilizes all transmitted symbols for self-interference channel estimation. Through analytical derivations and numerical simulations, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate the superior performance of our approach in achieving sub-noise self-interference cancellation.
摘要
自我干扰抵消在实现可靠全双工通信中发挥关键作用。一般来说，需要在噪声水平下取消自我干扰信号，这需要精准地重建自我干扰信号。在这篇论文中，我们提议一种高精度频率估计方法，专门用于低于噪声水平的自我干扰抵消。我们利用所有发送的符号都知道它们的接收器，我们的方法利用所有发送的符号进行自我干扰通道估计。通过分析性 derivations 和数值仿真，我们证明了我们的方法的有效性。结果表明我们的方法可以在实现低于噪声水平的自我干扰抵消。
Soft-connected Rigid Body Localization: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions for 6G
results: 本文将讨论扩展W-RBL技术到软连接刚体位置（SCW-RBL）算法。Abstract
This white paper describes a proposed article that will aim to provide a thorough study of the evolution of the typical paradigm of wireless localization (WL), which is based on a single point model of each target, towards wireless rigid body localization (W-RBL). We also look beyond the concept of RBL itself, whereby each target is modeled as an independent multi-point three-dimensional (3D), with shape enforced via a set of conformation constraints, as a step towards a more general approach we refer to as soft-connected RBL, whereby an ensemble of several objects embedded in a given environment, is modeled as a set of soft-connected 3D objects, with rigid and soft conformation constraints enforced within each object and among them, respectively. A first intended contribution of the full version of this article is a compact but comprehensive survey on mechanisms to evolve WL algorithms in W-RBL schemes, considering their peculiarities in terms of the type of information, mathematical approach, and features the build on or offer. A subsequent contribution is a discussion of mechanisms to extend W-RBL techniques to soft-connected rigid body localization (SCW-RBL) algorithms.
摘要
The article's first intended contribution is a compact but comprehensive survey of mechanisms to evolve WL algorithms in W-RBL schemes, considering their peculiarities in terms of the type of information, mathematical approach, and features they build on or offer. A subsequent contribution is a discussion of mechanisms to extend W-RBL techniques to soft-connected rigid body localization (SCW-RBL) algorithms.
AFDM vs OTFS: A Comparative Study of Promising Waveforms for ISAC in Doubly-Dispersive Channels
paper_authors: Hyeon Seok Rou, Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu, Junil Choi, David González G., Osvaldo Gonsa, Yong Lian Guan, Marios Kountouris
for: The paper is written for a comprehensive comparative study of waveforms suitable for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems in beyond fifth generation (B5G) and sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems.
methods: The paper compares two waveform designs: (1) delay-Doppler domain-based orthognal time frequency space (OTFS) waveforms, and (2) chirp domain-based affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) waveforms. Both waveforms are designed based on a full delay-Doppler representation of the time variant (TV) multipath channel.
results: The paper aims to provide a thorough study of the advantages, shortcomings, and implications of these waveform designs for ISAC systems in B5G/6G systems, including their performance in terms of communication and sensing functions.Abstract
This white paper aims to briefly describe a proposed article that will provide a thorough comparative study of waveforms designed to exploit the features of doubly-dispersive channels arising in heterogeneous high-mobility scenarios as expected in the beyond fifth generation (B5G) and sixth generation (6G), in relation to their suitability to integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems. In particular, the full article will compare the well-established delay-Doppler domain-based orthognal time frequency space (OTFS) and the recently proposed chirp domain-based affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) waveforms. Both these waveforms are designed based on a full delay- Doppler representation of the time variant (TV) multipath channel, yielding not only robustness and orthogonality of information symbols in high-mobility scenarios, but also a beneficial implication for environment target detection through the inherent capability of estimating the path delay and Doppler shifts, which are standard radar parameters. These modulation schemes are distinct candidates for ISAC in B5G/6G systems, such that a thorough study of their advantages, shortcomings, implications to signal processing, and performance of communication and sensing functions are well in order. In light of the above, a sample of the intended contribution (Special Issue paper) is provided below.
摘要
这份白皮书目的是简要描述一篇提议的文章，该文章将进行同时比较 doubly-dispersive 通道在不同准备下的波形设计，以探讨其适用于 интеграted sensing and communications (ISAC) 系统。特别是，该文章将比较已经确立的 delay-Doppler 频域基于的orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) 波形和最近提议的 chirp 频域基于的 affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) 波形。这两种波形都是基于全 delay-Doppler 表示的时变 multipath 通道，具有在高机动场景下Robustness和信息符号的正交性，同时具有优化环境目标探测的能力，这是标准雷达参数。这些调制方案是 B5G/6G 系统中 ISAC 的可能候选人，因此进行了这些方案的优点、缺点、处理信号的影响和通信和探测功能的性能等方面的深入研究是非常必要。以下是该文章的一个示例。
On the Impact of Mutual Coupling on RIS-Assisted Channel Estimation
paper_authors: Pinjun Zheng, Xiuxiu Ma, Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri
for: 这个论文旨在评估智能表面协助下的通道估计中的共享干扰效应的影响。
methods: 该论文使用了一种错误的克拉默-拉奥 bounds分析方法，以evaluate the impact of mutual coupling on RIS-assisted channel estimation。
results: 数据分析显示，在实际场景中，减少RIS元素间距或增加RIS大小可以强化共享干扰效应的影响。此外，即使在忽略共享干扰效应的情况下，过于紧密的RIS元素间距可能会导致通道估计性能受到重大降低。Abstract
Amid the demand for densely integrated elements in holographic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), the mutual coupling effect has gained prominence. By performing a misspecified Cram\'er-Rao bound analysis within an electromagnetics-compliant communication model, this letter offers a quantitative evaluation of the impact of mutual coupling on RIS-assisted channel estimation. Our analysis provides insights into situations where mutual coupling can be disregarded safely. The numerical results reveal that within practical scenarios, closer integration of RIS elements or the enlargement of RIS size accentuates the impact of neglecting mutual coupling. In addition, even with mutual coupling-aware setups, excessively tight RIS element spacing can lead to substantial degradation in the channel estimation performance.
摘要
在激光卷积智能表面（RIS）中受需求的紧密集成元素下，双向干扰效应得到了更多的关注。通过在电磁学相容通信模型中进行误pecified Cramér-Rao bound分析，本书提供了RIS协助通道估计的量化评估。我们的分析为你提供了忽略双向干扰的情况下的洞察。 numerics 结果表明，在实际场景下，将RIS元素更加紧密集成或者提高RIS大小，会强调对忽略双向干扰的影响。此外，即使在忽略双向干扰的设置下，当RIS元素间距过紧时，channel estimation表现会受到显著的降低。
On the Capacity of Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation
results: 研究结果表明，对于不同的antenna activation pattern，GQSM的AMI与其他相关的SM方案相比，在符号水平上略有下降，但在总体水平上显著提高。此外，在选择antenna的过程中，使用 equiprobable antenna selection method可以进一步提高GQSM的AMI。Abstract
In this letter, the average mutual information (AMI) of generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GQSM) is first derived for continuous-input continuous-output channels. Our mathematical analysis shows that the calculation error induced by Monte Carlo integration increases exponentially with the signal-to-noise ratio. This nature of GQSM is resolved by deriving a closed-form expression. The derived AMI is compared with other related SM schemes and evaluated for different antenna activation patterns. Our results show that an equiprobable antenna selection method slightly decreases AMI of symbols, while the method significantly improves AMI in total.
摘要
本封信中，我们首先计算了通用四则幂空间模ulation（GQSM）的平均双向信息（AMI），这是一种连续输入连续输出通道的问题。我们的数学分析表明，使用Monte Carlo方法求解时的计算误差随信号响应比例呈指数增长。这种GQSM特性的解决方法是得到一个关闭式表达。我们对其他相关的SM方案进行了比较，并对不同的天线活动模式进行了评估。我们的结果表明， equiprobable antenna selection方法会对符号AMI造成轻微下降，但是对总AMI具有显著改善的作用。
Trade-Off Between Beamforming and Macro-Diversity Gains in Distributed mMIMO
methods: 研究者们使用了数学模型来研究在选择更多的Access Points（AP）与 fewer APs equipped with many antennas之间的牵扯关系。
results: 研究者们发现了一个``甜点”在最佳Access Points数量和每个AP的天线元数之间，这个甜点是函散于覆盖区域的物理尺寸。Abstract
Industry and academia have been working towards the evolution from Centralized massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (CmMIMO) to Distributed mMIMO (DmMIMO) architectures. Instead of splitting a coverage area into many cells, each served by a single Base Station equipped with several antennas, the whole coverage area is jointly covered by several Access Points (AP) equipped with few or single antennas. Nevertheless, when choosing between deploying more APs with few or single antennas or fewer APs equipped with many antennas, one observes an inherent trade-off between the beamforming and macro-diversity gains that has not been investigated in the literature. Given a total number of antenna elements and total downlink power, under a channel model that takes into account a probability of Line-of-Sight (LoS) as a function of the distance between the User Equipments (UEs) and APs, our numerical results show that there exists a ``sweet spot" on the optimal number of APs and of antenna elements per AP which is a function of the physical dimensions of the coverage area.
摘要
产业和学术界在演化 FROM Centralized massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (CmMIMO) 到 Distributed mMIMO (DmMIMO) 架构方面努力奋斗。而不是将覆盖区域分成多个Cell，每个Cell都由一个单antenna Base Station 服务器而不是多个antenna，整个覆盖区域都是由多个Access Points (AP) 服务器，每个AP 只有一些或一个天线。然而，在选择更多的APs 或更少的APs 每个antenna 数量时，存在一个内在的质量和多样性收益之间的交易，这在文献中没有被调查。给定一个总天线元素数和总下行功率，根据UEs 和 APs 之间距离的概率Line-of-Sight (LoS) 函数，我们的数值结果显示，存在一个"甜点"的最佳APs 和天线元素数量，这是覆盖区域的物理尺寸函数。
Data Fusion-Based Predictive Beamforming for Downlink UAV-Assisted Massive MIMO Communication
results: simulation results demonstrate improved overall spectral efficiency, particularly when the number of antennas is large.Abstract
In this letter, we propose a data fusion-based predictive beamforming scheme for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, which involves a base station and UAV, each equipped with a massive MIMO array. We consider aircraft dynamics to track and predict the trajectory and orientation of the UAV. To improve communication and tracking performance, we propose a novel fusion of the channel and motion data of the UAV using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve overall spectral efficiency, particularly when the number of antennas is large.
摘要
在这封信中，我们提出了基于数据融合的预测扫描优化方案，用于无人机（UAV）协助大量多输入多输出（MIMO）通信，该方案包括基站和UAV，每个都装备了庞大的MIMO阵列。我们考虑了飞机动力来跟踪和预测无人机的轨迹和方向。为了提高通信和跟踪性能，我们提议一种新的扩展卡尔曼滤波器（EKF）来融合无人机的通道和运动数据。实验结果表明，提议的方案可以提高总频谱效率，特别是当antenna的数量很大时。
paper_authors: Qi Zhang, Jiang Zhu, Zhiwei Xu, De Wen Soh
for: 提高DOA估计精度并解决近远问题
methods: 一位数量化+盲引数强制（1bit-aided BIF）方法
results: 比高精度ADC直接使用的方法有更好的性能Abstract
Modulo sampling or unlimited sampling has recently drawn a great deal of attention for cutting-edge applications, due to overcoming the barrier of information loss through sensor saturation and clipping. This is a significant problem, especially when the range of signal amplitudes is unknown or in the near-far case. To overcome this fundamental bottleneck, we propose a one-bit-aided (1bit-aided) modulo sampling scheme for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. On the one hand, one-bit quantization involving a simple comparator offers the advantages of low-cost and low-complexity implementation. On the other hand, one-bit quantization provides an estimate of the normalized covariance matrix of the unquantized measurements via the arcsin law. The estimate of the normalized covariance matrix is used to implement blind integer-forcing (BIF) decoder to unwrap the modulo samples to construct the covariance matrix, and subspace methods can be used to perform the DOA estimation. Our approach named as 1bit-aided-BIF addresses the near-far problem well and overcomes the intrinsic low dynamic range of one-bit quantization. Numerical experiments validate the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm compared to using a high-precision ADC directly in the given set up.
摘要
“模ulo sampling或无限 sampling在最前线应用中受到了非常多的关注，因为它可以超越传感器满荷和剪辑导致的信息损失问题。这是一个非常重要的问题，特别在signal amplitude范围未知或near-far情况下。为了解决这个基本的瓶颈，我们提议一种基于一位数（1bit）的modulo sampling schemes дляdirection-of-arrival（DOA）估计。一方面，一位数量化可以通过简单的比较器实现low-cost和low-complexity的实现。另一方面，一位数量化可以通过arsin法得到normalized covariance matrix的估计。这个估计的normalized covariance matrix可以用来实现blind integer-forcing（BIF）解oder，将modulo samplesunwrap到construct covariance matrix，并使用subspace方法进行DOA估计。我们的方法名为1bit-aided-BIF，可以很好地解决near-far问题，并且超越了一位数量化的内置低动态范围。numerical experiments表明，我们的算法与使用高精度ADC直接在给定的设置中比较出色。”