results: 这篇论文的算法可以高效地从非站点信号中提取时间 varying wave-shape 信息，并且在含高水平的噪音情况下表现更好，比较 existing wave-shape 估计算法和基于短时间傅立卷变数的检测方法。实际上，这篇论文还用于电普雷agraph 信号的静态� States 分析和静态� States 构成 waveform 的分析。Abstract
In this work, we propose a time-varying wave-shape extraction algorithm based on a modified version of the adaptive non-harmonic model for non-stationary signals. The model codifies the time-varying wave-shape information in the relative amplitude and phase of the harmonic components of the wave-shape. The algorithm was validated on both real and synthetic signals for the tasks of denoising, decomposition and adaptive segmentation. For the denoising task, both monocomponent and multicomponent synthetic signals were considered. In both cases, the proposed algorithm can accurately recover the time-varying wave-shape of non-stationary signals, even in the presence of high levels of noise, outperforming existing wave-shape estimation algorithms and denoising methods based on short-time Fourier transform thresholding. The denoising of an electroencephalograph signal was also performed, giving similar results. For decomposition, our proposal was able to recover the composing waveforms more accurately by considering the time variations from the harmonic amplitude functions when compared to existing methods. Finally, the algorithm was used for the adaptive segmentation of synthetic signals and an electrocardiograph of a patient undergoing ventricular fibrillation.
摘要
在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于修改后的适应非固定模型的时变波形抽取算法，用于处理非站ARY信号。该模型在相对幅度和相位中codifies时变波形信息。我们验证了该算法在实际和 sintetic 信号上进行了denoising、decomposition和 adaptive segmentation 任务中的性能。对于denoising任务，我们考虑了单组件和多组件的synthetic信号。在两种情况下，我们的提案可以准确地回归非站ARY信号中的时变波形，即使在高噪声水平下，超过了基于短时域快推变换的杜邦滤波法和杜邦滤波法。此外，我们还应用了该算法于电enzephalograph信号的denoising任务，获得类似的结果。对于decomposition任务，我们的提案可以更加准确地回归组成波形，因为考虑了时变幅度函数中的时变信息。与现有方法相比，我们的方法可以更好地回归非站ARY信号的组成部分。最后，我们使用了该算法进行了adaptive segmentation Synthetic信号和一个患有心脏缺陷的病人的electrocardiograph信号。
Wave-shape Function Model Order Estimation by Trigonometric Regression
for: 这个论文旨在研究非固定幅度和相位的抽象 oscilating signal 的表示方法，并提出一种基于adaptive trigonometric regression的方法来估计波形函数（WSF）中的幂数。
methods: 该论文使用了适应 trigonometric regression 模型选择 criterion 来解决 estimating the number of harmonic components of WSF 问题，并将其应用到非站立波形信号中。
results: 实验结果表明，该方法可以有效地重construct non-stationary signals with non-sinusoidal oscillatory patterns，即使在噪声存在的情况下。 furthermore, the proposed method can denoise simulated pulse wave signals and take into account the interpatient waveform variability of ECG and respiratory signals.Abstract
The adaptive non-harmonic (ANH) model is a powerful tool to compactly represent oscillating signals with time-varying amplitude and phase, and non-sinusoidal oscillating morphology. Given good estimators of instantaneous amplitude and phase we can construct an adaptive model, where the morphology of the oscillation is described by the wave-shape function (WSF), a 2{\pi}-periodic more general periodic function. In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the number of harmonic components of the WSF, a problem that remains underresearched, by adapting trigonometric regression model selection criteria into this context. We study the application of these criteria, originally developed in the context of stationary signals, to the case of signals with time-varying amplitudes and phases. We then incorporate the order estimation to the ANH model reconstruction procedure and analyze its performance for noisy AM-FM signals. Experimental results on synthethic signals indicate that these criteria enable the adaptive estimation of the waveform of non-stationary signals with non-sinusoidal oscillatory patterns, even in the presence of considerable amount of noise. We also apply our reconstruction procedure to the task of denoising simulated pulse wave signals and determine that the proposed technique performs competitively to other denoising schemes. We conclude this work by showing that our adaptive order estimation algorithm takes into account the interpatient waveform variability of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory signals by analyzing recordings from the Fantasia Database.
摘要
“非传统的非伤害（ANH）模型是一个强大的工具，可以简洁地表示时间变化的振荡信号，包括时间变化的振幅和相位。我们可以透过适当的估计几何和相位，创建一个适应型模型，其中振荡模式由波形函数（WSF）描述，这是一个2π periodic的更一般的周期函数。在这篇文章中，我们研究了对WSF的数量估计问题，这个问题在这个 контексті仍未得到充分研究。我们运用了这些标准的 trigonometric regression 模型选择 criterion 到这个 контексті中，并研究了这些 criterion 的应用。我们然后将这些数量估计 integrate 到 ANH 模型重建程序中，并分析了它们在噪音 AM-FM 信号上的性能。实验结果表明，这些 criterion 可以在非站ARY信号上实现适应性的数量估计，即使在充斥噪音的情况下。我们还将我们的重建程序应用到实验数据中，并发现它们与其他数据去噪程序相比，表现相当竞争。最后，我们显示了我们的适应数量估计算法能够考虑各种胸部电压ogram 和呼吸信号之间的波形Variability。”
Eve Said Yes: AirBone Authentication for Head-Wearable Smart Voice Assistant
methods: 本研究使用了两个阶段的 AirBone 验证方法，首先确定 whether air and bone conduction utterances 是时域一致（TC），然后通过骨射频域的声音特征进行骨射频speaker recognition（BC-SR）。
results: 实验结果表明，提posed AirBone 验证方法具有可用性和安全性，可以轻松地通过商业市场上的头环设备进行实现，并且可以提供更高的安全水平，因为它可以抗御Current acoustic attacks 和高级 cross-domain attacks。Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning and natural language processing have fostered the enormous prosperity of smart voice assistants and their services, e.g., Alexa, Google Home, Siri, etc. However, voice spoofing attacks are deemed to be one of the major challenges of voice control security, and never stop evolving such as deep-learning-based voice conversion and speech synthesis techniques. To solve this problem outside the acoustic domain, we focus on head-wearable devices, such as earbuds and virtual reality (VR) headsets, which are feasible to continuously monitor the bone-conducted voice in the vibration domain. Specifically, we identify that air and bone conduction (AC/BC) from the same vocalization are coupled (or concurrent) and user-level unique, which makes them suitable behavior and biometric factors for multi-factor authentication (MFA). The legitimate user can defeat acoustic domain and even cross-domain spoofing samples with the proposed two-stage AirBone authentication. The first stage answers \textit{whether air and bone conduction utterances are time domain consistent (TC)} and the second stage runs \textit{bone conduction speaker recognition (BC-SR)}. The security level is hence increased for two reasons: (1) current acoustic attacks on smart voice assistants cannot affect bone conduction, which is in the vibration domain; (2) even for advanced cross-domain attacks, the unique bone conduction features can detect adversary's impersonation and machine-induced vibration. Finally, AirBone authentication has good usability (the same level as voice authentication) compared with traditional MFA and those specially designed to enhance smart voice security. Our experimental results show that the proposed AirBone authentication is usable and secure, and can be easily equipped by commercial off-the-shelf head wearables with good user experience.
摘要
Our approach is based on the observation that air and bone conduction (AC/BC) from the same vocalization are coupled and unique to each user, making them suitable for use as behavior and biometric factors in multi-factor authentication (MFA). In the first stage of our proposed method, we check whether the air and bone conduction utterances are time domain consistent (TC). If the utterances are consistent, we proceed to the second stage, which involves bone conduction speaker recognition (BC-SR).The use of AirBone authentication offers several advantages over traditional MFA methods. First, current acoustic attacks on smart voice assistants cannot affect bone conduction, which is in the vibration domain. Second, even for advanced cross-domain attacks, the unique bone conduction features can detect the adversary's impersonation and machine-induced vibration. Finally, AirBone authentication has good usability compared with traditional MFA and specialized methods designed to enhance smart voice security.Our experimental results show that the proposed AirBone authentication is both usable and secure, and can be easily equipped by commercial off-the-shelf head wearables with good user experience.
Application of reciprocity for facilitation of wave field visualization and defect detection
paper_authors: Bernd Köhler, Kanta Takahashi, Kazuyuki Nakahata
for: 研究了STRUCTURAL ком成分中的运动可视化 для缺陷检测
methods: 使用了hammer impacts at multiple points to excite elastic motions, and received by an accelerometer at a fixed point
results: 通过reciprocity in elastodynamics theorem, obtained the dynamic motion of the structural component for fixed-point excitation from measurements performed using multipoint excitations, and observed significant additional deformation at the wall thinning inserted as an artificial defect using maximum intensity projection method.Abstract
The motion visualization in a structural component was studied for defect detection. Elastic motions were excited by hammer impacts at multiple points and received by an accelerometer at a fixed point. Reciprocity in elastodynamics is only valid under certain conditions. Its validity under given experimental conditions was derived from the elastodynamic reciprocity theorem. Based on this, the dynamic motion of the structural component was obtained for fixed-point excitation from measurements performed using multipoint excitations. In the visualized eigenmodes, significant additional deformation was observed at the wall thinning inserted as an artificial defect. To prevent the dependence of defect detection on its position within the mode shape, another approach was proposed based on the extraction of guided wave modes immediately after impact excitation. It is shown that this maximum intensity projection method works well in detecting defects.
摘要
在结构组件中的运动可视化被研究用于缺陷检测。使用锤子影响的弹性运动被测量到固定点上的加速计上，并且根据刚Dynamic motion of the structural component was obtained from measurements performed using multipoint excitation. In the visualized eigenmodes, significant additional deformation was observed at the wall thinning inserted as an artificial defect. To prevent the dependence of defect detection on its position within the mode shape, another approach was proposed based on the extraction of guided wave modes immediately after impact excitation. It is shown that this maximum intensity projection method works well in detecting defects.Here's the translation in Traditional Chinese:在结构组件中的运动可见化被研究用于缺陷检测。使用锤子影响的弹性运动被量测到固定点上的加速计上，并且根据刚Dynamic motion of the structural component was obtained from measurements performed using multipoint excitation. In the visualized eigenmodes, significant additional deformation was observed at the wall thinning inserted as an artificial defect. To prevent the dependence of defect detection on its position within the mode shape, another approach was proposed based on the extraction of guided wave modes immediately after impact excitation. It is shown that this maximum intensity projection method works well in detecting defects.
Reliable Majority Vote Computation with Complementary Sequences for UAV Waypoint Flight Control
for: 本研究提出了一种不协调的Over-the-air computation（OAC）方案，用于可靠地计算多个参数的多数投票（MV）在滑动频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频率频Abstract
In this study, we propose a non-coherent over-the-air computation (OAC) scheme to calculate the majority vote (MV) reliably in fading channels. The proposed approach relies on modulating the amplitude of the elements of complementary sequences (CSs) based on the sign of the parameters to be aggregated. Since it does not use channel state information at the nodes, it is compatible with time-varying channels. To demonstrate the efficacy of our method, we employ it in a scenario where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is guided by distributed sensors, relying on the MV computed using our proposed scheme. We show that the proposed scheme reduces the computation error rate notably with a longer sequence length in fading channels while maintaining the peak-to-mean-envelope power ratio of the transmitted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals to be less than or equal to 3 dB.
摘要
在这项研究中，我们提出了一种非协调的天空计算（OAC）方案，以可靠地计算多数投票（MV）在淡化通道中。我们的方法基于对填充序列元素的振幅进行模拟，根据参数的符号来决定。由于不使用节点的通道状态信息，这种方法与时变通道相容。为证明我们的方法的有效性，我们在一个由分布式感知器引导的无人飞行器（UAV）上使用了我们的方法。我们显示，我们的方法可以在淡化通道中减少计算错误率，而且可以保持发射的多射频分多路复用信号的峰峰至平均功率比不超过3 dB。
AsQM: Audio streaming Quality Metric based on Network Impairments and User Preferences
results: 实验结果表明，用户对音乐内容的喜好对 QoE 具有重要作用，并且提出了一种基于用户喜好的 Audio streaming Quality Metric（AsQM）来衡量音乐流式服务质量。此外，实验还表明，在用户设备中实现 AsQM 对功耗、处理和内存占用产生了较低的影响。Abstract
There are many users of audio streaming services because of the proliferation of cloud-based audio streaming services for different content. The complex networks that support these services do not always guarantee an acceptable quality on the end-user side. In this paper, the impact of temporal interruptions on the reproduction of audio streaming and the users preference in relation to audio contents are studied. In order to determine the key parameters in the audio streaming service, subjective tests were conducted, and their results show that users Quality-of-Experience (QoE) is highly correlated with the following application parameters, the number of temporal interruptions or stalls, its frequency and length, and the temporal location in which they occur. However, most important, experimental results demonstrated that users preference for audio content plays an important role in users QoE. Thus, a Preference Factor (PF) function is defined and considered in the formulation of the proposed metric named Audio streaming Quality Metric (AsQM). Considering that multimedia service providers are based on web servers, a framework to obtain user information is proposed. Furthermore, results show that the AsQM implemented in the audio player of an end users device presents a low impact on energy, processing and memory consumption.
摘要
“现有许多音乐流媒体服务的用户，因为云端音乐流媒体服务的普及，导致不同内容的音乐流媒体服务。但是，这些服务支持的复杂网络不一定能提供用户端的可接受度。本文研究了音乐流媒体服务中的时间中断对于音乐重播的影响，以及用户对于音乐内容的偏好。通过调查，发现用户的品质体验（QoE）高度与以下应用程序参数相关：时间中断或停止的次数、时间长度和时间位置。但是，最重要的是，实验结果显示用户对音乐内容的偏好对于QoE有着重要的影响。因此，我们定义了偏好因子（PF）函数，并将其包含在提案的音乐流媒体质量指标（AsQM）中。考虑到多媒体服务提供商基于网页服务器，我们提出了一个框架来获取用户信息。结果显示，在用户设备上实现的AsQM具有低影响力、处理和内存占用。”
STAR-RIS Assisted Full-Duplex Communication Networks
results: 我们 derivatedclosed-form表达式来描述上下行通信的质量因子，并对bidirectional通信进行了扩展分析。此外，我们还提出了一个最大化 Erdos均速率的优化问题，该问题包括调整STAR-RIS元素的振荡和相位偏移，以及有效分配总传输功率。Abstract
Different from conventional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), a recent innovation called simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) has emerged, aimed at achieving complete 360-degree coverage in communication networks. Additionally, fullduplex (FD) technology is recognized as a potent approach for enhancing spectral efficiency by enabling simultaneous transmission and reception within the same time and frequency resources. In this study, we investigate the performance of a STAR-RIS-assisted FD communication system. The STAR-RIS is strategically placed at the cell-edge to facilitate communication for users located in this challenging region, while cell-center users can communicate directly with the FD base station (BS). We employ a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) pairing scheme and account for system impairments, such as self-interference at the BS and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). We derive closed-form expressions for the ergodic rates in both the up-link and down-link communications and extend our analysis to bidirectional communication between cell-center and cell-edge users. Furthermore, we formulate an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the ergodic sum-rate. This optimization involves adjusting the amplitudes and phase-shifts of the STAR-RIS elements and allocating total transmit power efficiently. To gain deeper insights into the achievable rates of STAR-RIS-aided FD systems, we explore the impact of various system parameters through numerical results.
摘要
不同于传统的可重新配置智能表面（RIS），最近的创新是同时传输和反射可重新配置智能表面（STAR-RIS），旨在实现全天猫360度的覆盖率在通信网络中。此外，全双工（FD）技术被认为是提高频率效率的强大方法，可以在同一时间和频率资源上同时进行传输和接收。在这项研究中，我们研究了STAR-RIS帮助FD通信系统的性能。STAR-RIS位于终端处，以便为位于这个困难区域的用户提供通信，而中心用户可以直接与FD基站（BS）进行通信。我们采用了不对称多接入（NOMA）对pairing schemes，并考虑了系统障碍物，如BS自身的自适应干扰和不完全的Successive Interference Cancellation（SIC）。我们 derivatedclosed-form表达式来描述在上行和下行通信中的质量因子，并将分析扩展到双向通信 между中心用户和边缘用户。此外，我们形ulated一个优化问题，旨在最大化服务器的质量因子。这个优化问题包括调整STAR-RIS元素的振荡和相位偏移，以及有效地分配总传输功率。通过numerical results，我们深入探讨STAR-RIS帮助FD系统实现的可能的速率。
Quadratic Detection in Noncoherent Massive SIMO Systems over Correlated Channels
results: 提出了一种基于最大可能性探测的非正负抽象极限的证明，并提供了一种基于统计知识的通信器抗干扰性能更好的设计框架。这种设计框架可以在中等和高SNR水平下提供更低的错误率。Abstract
With the goal of enabling ultrareliable and low-latency wireless communications for industrial internet of things (IIoT), this paper studies the use of energy-based modulations in noncoherent massive single input multiple output (SIMO) systems. We consider a one-shot communication over a channel with correlated Rayleigh fading and colored Gaussian noise. We first provide a theoretical analysis on the limitations of non-negative pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) in systems of this kind, based on maximum likelihood detection. The existence of a fundamental error floor at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes is proved for constellations with more than two energy levels, when no (statistical) channel state information is available at the transmitter. In the main body of the paper, we present a design framework for quadratic detectors that generalizes the widely-used energy detector, to better exploit the statistical knowledge of the channel. This allows us to design receivers optimized according to information-theoretic criteria that exhibit lower error rates at moderate and high SNR. We subsequently derive an analytic approximation for the error probability of a general class of quadratic detectors in the large array regime. Finally, we introduce an improved reception scheme based on the combination of quadratic detectors and assess its capabilities numerically.
摘要
<>传输goal是实现低延迟和无障碍无线通信，这篇论文研究了基于能量模式的非共振性大量单输入多输出（SIMO）系统。我们考虑了一次性通信在具有相关的徐杰尼谱折射和频率噪声的通道上。我们首先提供了非共振性PAM在这种系统中的限制分析，基于最大likelihood检测。在高信号噪声比例（SNR） regime中存在基本错误地板，当无 statistically channel state information available at the transmitter。在主要文章中，我们提供了一种泛化 quadratic detector的设计框架，以更好地利用通道的统计知识。这使得我们可以根据信息学定义的标准设计接收器，并且在中等和高SNR regime exhibit lower error rates。我们随后 derive了一个 Analytic approximation for the error probability of a general class of quadratic detectors in the large array regime。最后，我们介绍了一种基于quadratic detector和 assess its capabilities numerically。Note: Simplified Chinese is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, which is the official language of China. The translation is written in the Simplified Chinese format, which is used in mainland China and Singapore.
Minimizing Energy Consumption for 5G NR Beam Management for RedCap Devices
results: 分析得到了可行范围，即RedCap设备的照射管理参数的Upper limit，我们可以根据这些指导方针进行设计。Abstract
In 5G New Radio (NR), beam management entails periodic and continuous transmission and reception of control signals in the form of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), used to perform initial access and/or channel estimation. However, this procedure demands continuous energy consumption, which is particularly challenging to handle for low-cost, low-complexity, and battery-constrained devices, such as RedCap devices to support mid-market Internet of Things (IoT) use cases. In this context, this work aims at reducing the energy consumption during beam management for RedCap devices, while ensuring that the desired Quality of Service (QoS) requirements are met. To do so, we formalize an optimization problem in an Indoor Factory (InF) scenario to select the best beam management parameters, including the beam update periodicity and the beamwidth, to minimize energy consumption based on users' distribution and their speed. The analysis yields the regions of feasibility, i.e., the upper limit(s) on the beam management parameters for RedCap devices, that we use to provide design guidelines accordingly.
摘要
在5G新 Radio（NR）中，磁力管理包括 periodic和连续的控制信号传输和接收，用于初始访问和/或通道估计。但这些过程需要不断的能量消耗，尤其是 для低成本、低复杂度和电池受限的设备，如RedCap设备，以支持中高级Internet of Things（IoT）应用场景。在这个上下文中，本工作的目标是在磁力管理中降低RedCap设备的能量消耗，以确保达到所需的质量服务（QoS）要求。为此，我们将在室内工厂（InF）场景中形式化优化问题，选择最佳的磁力管理参数，包括磁力更新频率和磁力宽度，以最小化RedCap设备的能量消耗，基于用户的分布和速度。分析得到了可行范围，即RedCap设备的磁力管理参数的Upper limit，我们可以根据这些设计指南来提供相应的设计建议。
ML-based PBCH symbol detection and equalization for 5G Non-Terrestrial Networks
results: 结果显示了在控制的环境中ML的性能，以及其适应实际挑战的能力。这些结果 shed light on the potential benefits of applying ML in 5G-NTN, and provide a basis for further research in this area.Abstract
This paper delves into the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in the realm of 5G Non-Terrestrial Networks (5G-NTN), particularly focusing on symbol detection and equalization for the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). As 5G-NTN gains prominence within the 3GPP ecosystem, ML offers significant potential to enhance wireless communication performance. To investigate these possibilities, we present ML-based models trained with both synthetic and real data from a real 5G over-the-satellite testbed. Our analysis includes examining the performance of these models under various Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) scenarios and evaluating their effectiveness in symbol enhancement and channel equalization tasks. The results highlight the ML performance in controlled settings and their adaptability to real-world challenges, shedding light on the potential benefits of the application of ML in 5G-NTN.
摘要
Here's the translation in Simplified Chinese:这篇论文探讨了在5G无 terrestrial 网络 (5G-NTN) 中应用机器学习 (ML) 技术，尤其是对物理广播频道 (PBCH) 的符号检测和平衡。随着5G-NTN在3GPP生态系统中的崛起，ML有可能在无线通信性能方面提供显著的提升。为了探索这些可能性，我们提出了基于 ML 的模型，使用了真实数据和验证数据从一个真实的5G过球测试平台进行训练。我们的分析包括在不同的信号噪听比 (SNR) 场景下评估这些模型的性能，以及对符号增强和频道平衡任务的评估。结果表明 ML 在控制场景下的性能和其适应实际挑战的能力，这 shedding light on the potential benefits of applying ML in 5G-NTN.
Enhanced Channel Estimation in mm-Wave MIMO Systems Leveraging Integrated Communication and Sensing
methods: 该方法利用了 integrate sensing and communication paradigm，使估算信道所需的训练导航数量减少了4倍。
results: 实验表明，该方法可以减少4倍的训练导航数量，并且能够正确地修复感知和通信模式之间的匹配问题。Abstract
This paper tackles the challenge of wideband MIMO channel estimation within indoor millimeter-wave scenarios. Our proposed approach exploits the integrated sensing and communication paradigm, where sensing information aids in channel estimation. The key innovation consists of employing both spatial and temporal sensing modes to significantly reduce the number of required training pilots. Moreover, our algorithm addresses and corrects potential mismatches between sensing and communication modes, which can arise from differing sensing and communication propagation paths. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed method requires 4x less pilots compared to the current state-of-the-art, marking a substantial advancement in channel estimation efficiency.
摘要
Here's the text in Simplified Chinese:这篇论文研究了indoor millimeter-wave场景中广带MIMO通道估算的挑战。我们提出的方法利用了整合感知和通信的思想，通过感知信息帮助通道估算。我们的算法利用了空间和时间感知模式，可以减少需要的训练导航器数量。此外，我们的算法还解决了感知和通信传播路径之间的差异，可以提高通道估算精度。广泛的 simulations 表明，我们的方法可以比现有技术减少4倍的导航器数量，标志着通道估算效率的显著提升。
Multi-static Parameter Estimation in the Near/Far Field Beam Space for Integrated Sensing and Communication Applications
results: 通过数字实验来评估提出的框架效果，并表明使用自定义的扁平增益编码字符串可以提高系统的通信性能。Abstract
This work proposes a maximum likelihood (ML)-based parameter estimation framework for a millimeter wave (mmWave) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system in a multi-static configuration using energy-efficient hybrid digital-analog arrays. Due to the typically large arrays deployed in the higher frequency bands to mitigate isotropic path loss, such arrays may operate in the near-field regime. The proposed parameter estimation in this work consists of a two-stage estimation process, where the first stage is based on far-field assumptions, and is used to obtain a first estimate of the target parameters. In cases where the target is determined to be in the near-field of the arrays, a second estimation based on near-field assumptions is carried out to obtain more accurate estimates. In particular, we select beamfocusing array weights designed to achieve a constant gain over an extended spatial region and re-estimate the target parameters at the receivers. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in numerous scenarios through numerical simulations and demonstrate the impact of the custom-designed flat-gain beamfocusing codewords in increasing the communication performance of the system.
摘要
这个工作提出了基于最大可能性（ML）的参数估算框架，用于毫米波（mmWave）集成感知通信（ISAC）系统的多Static配置中。由于高频段的大型阵列在减轻各向异性视场损失，这些阵列可能会在近场区间运行。本文中的参数估算包括两个阶段的估算过程，其中第一阶段基于远场假设，用于获得初步目标参数估算。在目标确定在阵列近场区间时，进行第二阶段基于近场假设的估算，以获得更加准确的估算结果。特别是，我们选择了用于实现恒定增益的扩散焦点阵列重量，并在接收器上重新估算目标参数。我们通过数字 simulations 证明了该框架在各种场景中的效果，并示出了自定义的扁平增益扩散编码字符串在系统的通信性能中的影响。
Toward Energy Efficient Multiuser IRS-Assisted URLLC Systems: A Novel Rank Relaxation Method
results: 我们的结果表明，提案的解决方案比现有的参考解决方案更有效。Abstract
This paper proposes an energy efficient resource allocation design algorithm for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted downlink ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) network. This setup features a multi-antenna base station (BS) transmitting data traffic to a group of URLLC users with short packet lengths. We maximize the total network's energy efficiency (EE) through the optimization of active beamformers at the BS and passive beamformers (a.k.a. phase shifts) at the IRS. The main non-convex problem is divided into two sub-problems. An alternating optimization (AO) approach is then used to solve the problem. Through the use of the successive convex approximation (SCA) with a novel iterative rank relaxation method, we construct a concave-convex objective function for each sub-problem. The first sub-problem is a fractional program that is solved using the Dinkelbach method and a penalty-based approach. The second sub-problem is then solved based on semi-definite programming (SDP) and the penalty-based approach. The iterative solution gradually approaches the rank-one for both the active beamforming and unit modulus IRS phase-shift sub-problems. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed solution compared to existing benchmarks.
摘要
The main non-convex problem is divided into two sub-problems, and an alternating optimization (AO) approach is used to solve the problem. The first sub-problem is a fractional program that is solved using the Dinkelbach method and a penalty-based approach. The second sub-problem is then solved based on semi-definite programming (SDP) and the penalty-based approach. The iterative solution gradually approaches the rank-one for both the active beamforming and unit modulus IRS phase-shift sub-problems.The proposed solution is compared to existing benchmarks, and the results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed solution. The key contribution of this paper is the development of an energy-efficient resource allocation design algorithm for IRS-assisted URLLC networks, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the network while maintaining the required reliability and latency.Here is the text in Simplified Chinese:这篇论文提出了一种智能反射Surface（IRS）助手的下行ultra-可靠低延迟通信（URLLC）网络的能源效率资源分配算法。在这种设置中，一个多antenna基站（BS）将数据流传输到一个URLLC用户群体，用户 packets的长度很短。我们通过对BS的活动扬声器和IRS的pasive扬声器（即相位Shift）进行优化，以最大化总网络的能源效率（EE）。主要非凸问题被分解成两个互相关联的优化问题。我们使用alternating optimization（AO）方法来解决问题。通过successive convex approximation（SCA）和一种新的迭代rank relaxation方法，我们构建了一个凹陷-凸函数对象函数。第一个优化问题是一个分数程序，通过Dinkelbach方法和一种罚金方法来解决。第二个优化问题是基于 semi-definite programming（SDP）和罚金方法来解决。迭代解决方案逐渐逼近rank-one для活动扬声器和IRS phase-shift优化问题。我们的结果表明，提出的解决方案比现有的标准做法更有效。这篇论文的关键贡献在于开发了一种智能反射Surface（IRS）助手的下行URLLC网络中的能源效率资源分配算法，可以减少网络的能 consumption，保持必要的可靠性和延迟。