results: 论文的计算结果表明，在不同的媒体通道条件下，提案的OFDM-RSMA方案可以与OFDMA和NOMA方案相比，具有更高的总速率性能。Abstract
Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is a multiple access scheme to mitigate the effects of the multi-user interference (MUI) in multi-antenna systems. In this study, we leverage the interference management capabilities of RSMA to tackle the issue of inter-carrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. We formulate a sum-rate maximization problem to find the optimal subcarrier and power allocation for downlink transmission in a two-user system using RSMA and OFDM. A weighted minimum mean-square error (WMMSE)-based algorithm is proposed to obtain a solution for the formulated non-convex problem. We show that the marriage of rate-splitting (RS) with OFDM provides complementary strengths to cope with peculiar characteristic of wireless medium and its performance-limiting challenges including inter-symbol interference (ISI), MUI, ICI, and inter-numerology interference (INI). The sum-rate performance of the proposed OFDM-RSMA scheme is numerically compared with that of conventional orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and OFDM-non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). It is shown that the proposed OFDM-RSMA outperforms OFDM-NOMA and OFDMA in diverse propagation channel conditions owing to its flexible structure and robust interference management capabilities.
摘要
rate-splitting多Access（RSMA）是一种多Access方案，用于 Mitigate the effects of multi-user interference（MUI）in multi-antenna systems. In this study, we leverage the interference management capabilities of RSMA to tackle the issue of inter-carrier interference（ICI）in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM）waveform. We formulate a sum-rate maximization problem to find the optimal subcarrier and power allocation for downlink transmission in a two-user system using RSMA and OFDM. A weighted minimum mean-square error（WMMSE）-based algorithm is proposed to obtain a solution for the formulated non-convex problem. We show that the marriage of rate-splitting（RS）with OFDM provides complementary strengths to cope with the peculiar characteristic of wireless medium and its performance-limiting challenges including inter-symbol interference（ISI）, MUI, ICI, and inter-numerology interference（INI）. The sum-rate performance of the proposed OFDM-RSMA scheme is numerically compared with that of conventional orthogonal frequency division multiple access（OFDMA）and OFDM-non-orthogonal multiple access（NOMA）. It is shown that the proposed OFDM-RSMA outperforms OFDM-NOMA and OFDMA in diverse propagation channel conditions owing to its flexible structure and robust interference management capabilities.
Data-driven Forced Oscillation Localization using Inferred Impulse Responses
results: 数字验证表明该方法可以应用于实际的电力系统，包括非线性、高阶动力学和控制效应。总的来说，该方法可以准确地推断FO的来源，并且可以扩展到不同的测量类型和部分感知覆盖条件。Abstract
Poorly damped oscillations pose threats to the stability and reliability of interconnected power systems. In this work, we propose a comprehensive data-driven framework for inferring the sources of forced oscillation (FO) using only synchrophasor measurements. During normal grid operations, fast-rate ambient data are collected to recover the impulse responses in the small-signal regime, without requiring the system models. When FO events occur, the source is estimated based on the frequency domain analysis by fitting the least-squares (LS) error for the FO data using the impulse responses recovered previously. Although the proposed framework is purely data-driven, the result has been established theoretically via model-based analysis of linearized dynamics under a few realistic assumptions. Numerical validations demonstrate its applicability to realistic power systems including nonlinear, higher-order dynamics with control effects using the IEEE 68-bus system. The generalizability of the proposed methodology has been validated using different types of measurements and partial sensor coverage conditions.
摘要
低刚性振荡会对电力系统稳定性和可靠性提出威胁。在这项工作中，我们提议了一个全面的数据驱动方法，使用同步phasor测量来推测强制振荡（FO）的来源。在正常网络运行时， быстро速的 ambient数据被收集来恢复小信号域中的冲击响应，无需系统模型。当FO事件发生时，源的估计基于频域分析，通过LS误差适应FO数据使用先前恢复的冲击响应进行适应。 although the proposed framework is purely data-driven, the result has been established theoretically via model-based analysis of linearized dynamics under a few realistic assumptions. numerical validations demonstrate its applicability to realistic power systems including nonlinear, higher-order dynamics with control effects using the IEEE 68-bus system. The generalizability of the proposed methodology has been validated using different types of measurements and partial sensor coverage conditions.
Near-field Integrated Sensing and Communication: Opportunities and Challenges
paper_authors: Jiayi Cong, Changsheng You, Jiapeng Li, Li Chen, Beixiong Zheng, Yuanwei Liu, Wen Wu, Yi Gong, Shi Jin, Rui Zhang
for: investigate the near-field ISAC, which integrates sensing and communication in the near-field region
methods: joint near-field communication and sensing, sensing-assisted near-field communication, and communication-assisted near-field sensing
results: new research opportunities, new design issues, and promising solutions for near-field ISACAbstract
With the extremely large-scale array XL-array deployed in future wireless systems, wireless communication and sensing are expected to operate in the radiative near-field region, which needs to be characterized by the spherical rather than planar wavefronts. Unlike most existing works that considered far-field integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), we study in this article the new near-field ISAC, which integrates both functions of sensing and communication in the near-field region. To this end, we first discuss the appealing advantages of near-field communication and sensing over their far-field counterparts, respectively. Then, we introduce three approaches for near-field ISAC, including joint near-field communication and sensing, sensing-assisted near-field communication, and communication-assisted near-field sensing. We discuss their individual research opportunities, new design issues, as well as propose promising solutions. Finally, several important directions in near-field ISAC are also highlighted to motivate future work.
摘要
With the extremely large-scale array XL-array deployed in future wireless systems, wireless communication and sensing are expected to operate in the radiative near-field region, which needs to be characterized by the spherical rather than planar wavefronts. Unlike most existing works that considered far-field integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), we study in this article the new near-field ISAC, which integrates both functions of sensing and communication in the near-field region. To this end, we first discuss the appealing advantages of near-field communication and sensing over their far-field counterparts, respectively. Then, we introduce three approaches for near-field ISAC, including joint near-field communication and sensing, sensing-assisted near-field communication, and communication-assisted near-field sensing. We discuss their individual research opportunities, new design issues, as well as propose promising solutions. Finally, several important directions in near-field ISAC are also highlighted to motivate future work.Here's the translation in Traditional Chinese:With the extremely large-scale array XL-array deployed in future wireless systems, wireless communication and sensing are expected to operate in the radiative near-field region, which needs to be characterized by the spherical rather than planar wavefronts. Unlike most existing works that considered far-field integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), we study in this article the new near-field ISAC, which integrates both functions of sensing and communication in the near-field region. To this end, we first discuss the appealing advantages of near-field communication and sensing over their far-field counterparts, respectively. Then, we introduce three approaches for near-field ISAC, including joint near-field communication and sensing, sensing-assisted near-field communication, and communication-assisted near-field sensing. We discuss their individual research opportunities, new design issues, as well as propose promising solutions. Finally, several important directions in near-field ISAC are also highlighted to motivate future work.
Cell-Free Bistatic Backscatter Communication: Channel Estimation, Optimization, and Performance Analysis
results: 我们 presente extensa numerical results，用于验证我们的频道估计方案和优化框架，以及提案的集成性能。与Random Beamforming/Combining benchmark相比，我们的算法实现了非常出色的提升。例如，它在10dBm的输入电平下，使用36个AP和3个标签时，实现了约64.8%和约253.5%的能量收集和标签总速率提升。Abstract
This study introduces and investigates the integration of a cell-free architecture with bistatic backscatter communication (BiBC), referred to as cell-free BiBC or distributed access point (AP)-assisted BiBC, which can enable potential applications in future (EH)-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. To that purpose, we first present a pilot-based channel estimation scheme for estimating the direct, cascaded, forward channels of the proposed system setup. We next utilize the channel estimates for designing the optimal beamforming weights at the APs, reflection coefficients at the tags, and reception filters at the reader to maximize the tag sum rate while meeting the tags' minimum energy requirements. Because the proposed maximization problem is non-convex, we propose a solution based on alternative optimization, fractional programming, and Rayleigh quotient techniques. We also quantify the computational complexity of the developed algorithms. Finally, we present extensive numerical results to validate the proposed channel estimation scheme and optimization framework, as well as the performance of the integration of these two technologies. Compared to the random beamforming/combining benchmark, our algorithm yields impressive gains. For example, it achieves $\sim$ 64.8\% and $\sim$ 253.5\% gains in harvested power and tag sum rate, respectively, for 10 dBm with 36 APs and 3 tags.
摘要
Wireless strain and temperature monitoring in reinforced concrete using Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors
results: 研究发现，SAW传感器可以有效地测量混凝土梁的减形和温度，并且可以持续三周不间断地测量温度。Abstract
Monitoring the health of civil engineering structures using implanted deformation, temperature and corrosion sensors would further improve maintenance and extend the service life of those structures. However, sensor integration poses a number of problems, due to the presence of cables and on-board electronics. Passive, wireless SAW sensors offer a very promising solution, here. We used commercial SAW devices mounted on steel rebars to carry out an initial feasibility study. Without cables or embedded electronics, we were able to measure the deformation of a concrete beam subjected to bending load. We were also able to measure the temperature continuously over a three-week period.
摘要
监测ivil工程结构的健康状况使用植入的弯形、温度和腐蚀感知器，可以进一步提高维护和延长结构的服务寿命。但是感知器集成带来了一些问题，即有电缆和固定电子设备的存在。无缆无嵌入电子设备的感知器所提供的可能性非常吸引人。我们使用商业SAW设备 mounted on steel rebars进行了一项初步可行性研究。无需电缆或嵌入电子设备，我们成功地测量了一根受轴向荷重负荷的混凝土箍的弯形。我们还成功地测量了三个星期内的温度连续变化。
Generative AI for Integrated Sensing and Communication: Insights from the Physical Layer Perspective
results: 在实验中，提出的扩散模型基本方法能够在近场条件下高精度地估计信号发射方向，具体达到了1.03度的平均方差。这confirm GAI在物理层的支持。Abstract
As generative artificial intelligence (GAI) models continue to evolve, their generative capabilities are increasingly enhanced and being used extensively in content generation. Beyond this, GAI also excels in data modeling and analysis, benefitting wireless communication systems. In this article, we investigate applications of GAI in the physical layer and analyze its support for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems. Specifically, we first provide an overview of GAI and ISAC, touching on GAI's potential support across multiple layers of ISAC. We then concentrate on the physical layer, investigating GAI's applications from various perspectives thoroughly, such as channel estimation, and demonstrate the value of these GAI-enhanced physical layer technologies for ISAC systems. In the case study, the proposed diffusion model-based method effectively estimates the signal direction of arrival under the near-field condition based on the uniform linear array, when antenna spacing surpassing half the wavelength. With a mean square error of 1.03 degrees, it confirms GAI's support for the physical layer in near-field sensing and communications.
摘要
如果生成人工智能（GAI）模型继续演化，它们的生成能力将会不断增强，并在内容生成中得到广泛的应用。此外，GAI还在数据模型化和分析方面表现出色，对无线通信系统产生了很大的影响。在这篇文章中，我们 investigate GAI在物理层中的应用，并分析它在集成感知通信（ISAC）系统中的支持。我们首先提供GAI和ISAC的概述，然后专门关注物理层，从多种角度进行深入的研究，例如通道估计，并证明GAI在物理层技术方面对ISAC系统提供了价值。在 caso study中，我们提出了基于扩散模型的方法，用于估计信号到来方向，当antenna spacing超过半波长时。该方法的均方差为1.03度，确认了GAI在近场感知通信中的支持。
Joint Source-Channel Coding System for 6G Communication: Design, Prototype and Future Directions
results: 本研究表明，使用 quasi-cyclic (QC) 特点和 UEP 技术可以实现高效的 semantic communication，并且可以在各种通信频率和信道条件下实现优秀的表达效果。Abstract
The goal of semantic communication is to surpass optimal Shannon's criterion regarding a notable problem for future communication which lies in the integration of collaborative efforts between the intelligence of the transmission source and the joint design of source coding and channel coding. The convergence of scholarly investigation and applicable products in the field of semantic communication is facilitated by the utilization of flexible structural hardware design, which is constrained by the computational capabilities of edge devices. This characteristic represents a significant benefit of joint source-channel coding (JSCC), as it enables the generation of source alphabets with diverse lengths and achieves a code rate of unity. Moreover, JSCC exhibits near-capacity performance while maintaining low complexity. Therefore, we leverage not only quasi-cyclic (QC) characteristics to propose a QC-LDPC code-based JSCC scheme but also Unequal Error Protection (UEP) to ensure the recovery of semantic importance. In this study, the feasibility for using a semantic encoder/decoder that is aware of UEP can be explored based on the existing JSCC system. This approach is aimed at protecting the significance of semantic task-oriented information. Additionally, the deployment of a JSCC system can be facilitated by employing Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes on a reconfigurable device. This is achieved by reconstructing the LDPC codes as QC-LDPC codes. The QC-LDPC layered decoding technique, which has been specifically optimized for hardware parallelism and tailored for channel decoding applications, can be suitably adapted to accommodate the JSCC system. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by conducting BER measurements using both floating-point and 6-bit quantization.
摘要
《semantic communication的目标是超越希耶纳的最佳吞吐量标准，解决未来通信中的一个重要问题，即源传输和通道编码的共同设计。学术研究和实用产品在semantic communication领域的结合，得益于灵活的结构硬件设计，这种设计受到边缘设备的计算能力的限制。这种特点是JSCC的一大优点，它可以生成源字母的不同长度，实现码率unity，同时具有低复杂性和高效率。因此，我们不仅利用逻辑（QC）特征，还提出了LDPC码基于JSCC方案，并通过不等错误保护（UEP）确保 semantic importance的恢复。在这项研究中，我们可以通过现有JSCC系统的semantic编码/解码器来探索使用UEP的可能性。这种方法旨在保护 semantic任务关键信息的重要性。此外，通过在可重新配置的设备上使用LDPC码，我们可以方便地实现JSCC系统的部署。通过重新构造LDPC码为QC-LDPC码，我们可以采用QC-LDPC层次解码技术，这种技术已经特Optimized for hardware parallelism和tailored for channel decoding应用。我们通过使用浮点数和6比特量化进行BER测量来评估提议的系统性能。
Magnetic SAW RFID Sensor Based on Love Wave for Detection of Magnetic Field and Temperature
results: 研究表明，该探测器在各种温度下展现出了高磁场和温度敏感度，分别为-63 ppm/$^\circ$C和-781 ppm/mT。此外，该探测器还实现了温度补做，并且可以实现多感器功能和RFID功能。Abstract
Magnetic field measurement including a temperature compensation is essential for a magnetic field sensor. This study investigates a magnetic surface acoustic wave (MSAW) sensor in a reflective delay line configuration with two acoustic propagation paths with and without magnetic field sensitive layer. The delay in path with sensitive layer leads to magnetic field detection and the one without enable temperature measurement and thus compensation for the first path. The developed sensor is based on a ZnO/LiNbO$_3$ Ycut (X-direction) layered structure as Love wave platform. Love wave as a shear wave being more favorable for magnetic detection. Co-Fe-B is considered as sensitive layer to detect magnetic field changes and is deposited on the top of ZnO, but only on one of the two paths. We combined an original configuration of connected IDTs with a high electromechanical coupling coefficient (K$^2$) mode to improve the signal amplitude. The achieved sensor exhibits a high temperature and magnetic field sensitivity of -63 ppm/$^\circ$C and -781 ppm/mT, respectively. The temperature compensation method for magnetic field measurement is demonstrated using a differential measurement by subtracting the delay times obtained for the two paths with and without the sensitive layer. Finally, The sensor exhibited good repeatability at various temperatures. Moreover, the device developed allows in addition to the multisensor functionality, the radio frequency identification (RFID) which is necessary for the deployment of sensor networks.
摘要
магнитное поле измерение, включая температурную компенсацию, является важным для магнитного поля сенсора. Это исследование изучает магнитный поверхностный акустический волны (MSAW) сенсор в конфигурации отрактивной задержки с двумя путями пропаганции с и без магнитнечувствительного слоя. Задержка на пути с чувствительным слоем приводит к измерению магнитного поля, а путь без него позволяет измерять температуру и thus компенсировать ее в первом пути. Разработанный сенсор основан на структуре ZnO/LiNbO$_3$ Ycut (по kierungi X) с платформой Love волны, которая более удобна для магнитного детектирования. Сенсор использует слой Co-Fe-B для детектирования изменений магнитного поля и нанесен на верхнюю часть ZnO, но только на одном из двух путей. Мы комбинировали оригинальную конфигурацию соединенных IDTs с высоким коэффициентом электромеханической взаимодействия (K^2) для улучшения амплитуды сигнала. Разработанный сенсор демонстрирует высокую температурную и магнитную чувствительность -63 ppm/$^\circ$C и -781 ppm/mT, соответственно. Метод температурной компенсации для измерения магнитного поля демонстрируется с помощью дифференциального измерения, subtracting the delay times obtained for the two paths with and without the sensitive layer. Кроме того, сенсор показал хорошую повторяемость при различных температурах. Кроме того, разработанный сенсор позволяет в дополнение к многосенсорной функции, радиоидентификацию (RFID), которая необходима для деплоирования сетей сенсоров.
Managing the Impact of Sensor’s Thermal Noise in Machine Learning for Nuclear Applications
methods: 这篇论文使用了机器学习技术，以analyze the impact of thermal noise on sensor-fusion-based machine learning models in nuclear applications.
results: 该论文发现，在生产环境中部署机器学习模型时，温度噪声会导致感知器的精度下降，从而影响模型的准确性。此外，论文还发现了不同机器学习算法对于温度噪声的影响不同，选择更加鲜硬的模型可以减轻这种影响。Abstract
Sensors such as accelerometers, magnetometers, and gyroscopes are frequently utilized to perform measurements in nuclear power plants. For example, accelerometers are used for vibration monitoring of critical systems. With the recent rise of machine learning, data captured from such sensors can be used to build machine learning models for predictive maintenance and automation. However, these sensors are known to have thermal noise that can affect the sensor's accuracy. Thermal noise differs between sensors in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This thermal noise will cause an accuracy drop in sensor-fusion-based machine learning models when deployed in production. This paper lists some applications for Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors where such sensors are used and therefore can be impacted by the thermal noise issue if machine learning is utilized. A list of recommendations to help mitigate the issue when building future machine learning models for nuclear applications based on sensor fusion is provided. Additionally, this paper demonstrates that machine learning algorithms can be impacted differently by the issue, therefore selecting a more resilient model can help in mitigating it.
摘要
感知器如加速计、磁计和陀螺仪在核电厂中广泛应用于测量。例如，加速计用于关键系统的振荡监测。随着机器学习的兴起，从感知器获取的数据可以用于建立机器学习模型，以实现预测维护和自动化。然而，感知器受到热噪声的影响，可能导致感知器的精度下降。热噪声 между感知器不同，这会导致机器学习模型在生产环境中的精度下降。这篇论文介绍了加拿大氘气氘化燃料（CANDU）堆反应器中的应用，因此可能受到热噪声问题的影响。此外，文章还提供了一些建议来减轻这一问题，以及选择更鲁容的机器学习模型，以减轻其影响。此外，文章还示出了不同的机器学习算法受到热噪声问题的影响，因此选择更鲁容的机器学习模型可以减轻这一问题。
Enhancing Secrecy Capacity in PLS Communication with NORAN based on Pilot Information Codebooks
results: numerical simulations和分析表明，使用PIC基于NORAN方案可以显著提高通信系统的安全性和隐私性。Abstract
In recent research, non-orthogonal artificial noise (NORAN) has been proposed as an alternative to orthogonal artificial noise (AN). However, NORAN introduces additional noise into the channel, which reduces the capacity of the legitimate channel (LC). At the same time, selecting a NORAN design with ideal security performance from a large number of design options is also a challenging problem. To address these two issues, a novel NORAN based on a pilot information codebook is proposed in this letter. The codebook associates different suboptimal NORANs with pilot information as the key under different channel state information (CSI). The receiver interrogates the codebook using the pilot information to obtain the NORAN that the transmitter will transmit in the next moment, in order to eliminate the NORAN when receiving information. Therefore, NORAN based on pilot information codebooks can improve the secrecy capacity (SC) of the communication system by directly using suboptimal NORAN design schemes without increasing the noise in the LC. Numerical simulations and analyses show that the introduction of NORAN with a novel design using pilot information codebooks significantly enhances the security and improves the SC of the communication system.
摘要
A Resource-efficient FIR Filter Design Based on an RAG Improved Algorithm
results: 对比各种算法和矩阵大小，实验结果显示，提出的算法在逻辑资源利用率、资源分配策略、运行速度和功耗消耗等方面具有优势。Abstract
In modern digital filter chip design, efficient resource utilization is a hot topic. Due to the linear phase characteristics of FIR filters, a pulsed fully parallel structure can be applied to address the problem. To further reduce hardware resource consumption, especially related to multiplication functions, an improved RAG algorithm has been proposed. Filters with different orders and for different algorithms have been compared, and the experimental results show that the improved RAG algorithm excels in terms of logic resource utilization, resource allocation, running speed, and power consumption under various application scenarios. The proposed algorithm introduces a better circuit structure for FIR filters, fully leveraging resource allocation strategies to reduce logic resource consumption. The proposed circuit is faster and more stable, making it suitable for a variety of complex application scenarios.
摘要
现代数字筛选器设计中，高效资源利用是一个热门话题。由于FIR筛选器的线性阶段特性，可以应用精心设计的全параллеLRagstruktur来解决这个问题。为了进一步减少硬件资源占用，特别是相multiplication功能，一种改进的RAG算法已经被提议。对于不同顺序和不同算法的筛选器进行了比较，实验结果表明，改进的RAG算法在逻辑资源利用、资源分配、运行速度和电力占用等多种应用场景中具有优异性。提出的Circuit结构可以充分利用资源分配策略，以减少逻辑资源占用。这种快速稳定的Circuit适用于许多复杂的应用场景。