results: 我们通过实验使用真实世界的数据集，证明了我们的算法的有效性。Abstract
As wireless communication systems strive to improve spectral efficiency, there has been a growing interest in employing machine learning (ML)-based approaches for adaptive modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection. In this paper, we introduce a new adaptive MCS selection framework for massive MIMO systems that operates without any feedback from users by solely relying on instantaneous uplink channel estimates. Our proposed method can effectively operate in multi-user scenarios where user feedback imposes excessive delay and bandwidth overhead. To learn the mapping between the user channel matrices and the optimal MCS level of each user, we develop a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM)-based model and compare the performance with the state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our algorithm by evaluating it experimentally using real-world datasets collected from the RENEW massive MIMO platform.
摘要
“为了提高无线通信系统的spectral efficiency，随着机器学习（ML）方法的应用，这些系统中的modulation and coding scheme（MCS）选择方法受到了越来越大的关注。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了一个新的适应MCS选择框架，这个框架可以在大规模多用户MIMO系统中运行，并且不需要用户反馈。我们的提案可以实现在多用户enario中，where user feedback would cause excessive delay and bandwidth overhead。为了将用户通道矩阵与最佳MCS水平相对映射，我们开发了一个Convolutional Neural Network（CNN）-Long Short-Term Memory Network（LSTM）模型，并与现有方法进行比较。最后，我们透过实验使用真实世界的数据集，评估了我们的算法的有效性。”Note that Simplified Chinese is a romanization of Chinese, and the actual Chinese characters may be different.
V2X Sidelink Positioning in FR1: Scenarios, Algorithms, and Performance Evaluation
paper_authors: Yu Ge, Maximilian Stark, Musa Furkan Keskin, Frank Hofmann, Thomas Hansen, Henk Wymeersch
For: 本研究 investigate sub-6 GHz V2X sidelink positioning scenarios in 5G vehicular networks, with a focus on developing a comprehensive end-to-end methodology for channel modeling, performance bounds, channel estimation, and geometric positioning.* Methods: 本研究使用了以下方法： + derivation of a novel, approximate Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) on the connected road user (CRU) position, taking into account multipath interference, path merging, and the round-trip-time (RTT) protocol. + high-resolution channel parameter estimation algorithms based on tensor decomposition and ESPRIT methods, specifically tailored to dense multipath V2X sidelink environments. + comprehensive simulations using realistic ray-tracing data and antenna patterns to evaluate channel estimation and positioning performance.* Results: 本研究的结果表明，使用提议的算法可以实现 sub-meter 精度在 sub-6 GHz V2X 中。Abstract
In this paper, we investigate sub-6 GHz V2X sidelink positioning scenarios in 5G vehicular networks through a comprehensive end-to-end methodology encompassing ray-tracing-based channel modeling, novel theoretical performance bounds, high-resolution channel parameter estimation, and geometric positioning using a round-trip-time (RTT) protocol. We first derive a novel, approximate Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB) on the connected road user (CRU) position, explicitly taking into account multipath interference, path merging, and the RTT protocol. Capitalizing on tensor decomposition and ESPRIT methods, we propose high-resolution channel parameter estimation algorithms specifically tailored to dense multipath V2X sidelink environments, designed to detect multipath components (MPCs) and extract line-of-sight (LoS) parameters. Finally, using realistic ray-tracing data and antenna patterns, comprehensive simulations are conducted to evaluate channel estimation and positioning performance, indicating that sub-meter accuracy can be achieved in sub-6 GHz V2X with the proposed algorithms.
摘要
在本文中，我们 investigate 5G vehicular network中的低于6GHz V2X侧链位征enario通过全面的端到端方法，包括束向投影法 Channel modeling、新的理论性表现 bound、高分辨率 Channel parameter estimation 和基于圆投返回时间（RTT）协议的地理位置测定。我们首先 deriv a novel, approximate Cramér-Rao bound（CRB）on the connected road user（CRU）position，直接考虑多path interference, path merging, 和 RTT协议。通过维度分解和ESPRIT方法，我们提议高分辨率 Channel parameter estimation algorithm，专门适用于密集多path V2X侧链环境，探测多path component（MPC）和Extract line-of-sight（LoS）参数。最后，通过实际的束向投影数据和天线 Pattern，我们进行了全面的 Channel estimation和位置测定性能评估，结果表明在sub-6GHz V2X中可以实现sub-meter精度。
Electrical Fault Localisation Over a Distributed Parameter Transmission Line
results: 研究结果表明，该算法可以准确地寻址故障位置。需要故障频率、测量器频率和模拟时间步骤的要求也被提出。Abstract
Motivated by the need to localise faults along electrical power lines, this paper adopts a frequency-domain approach to parameter estimation for an infinite-dimensional linear dynamical system with one spatial variable. Since the time of the fault is unknown, and voltages and currents are measured at only one end of the line, distance information must be extracted from the post-fault transients. To properly account for high-frequency transient behaviour, the line dynamics is modelled directly by the Telegrapher's equation, rather than the more commonly used lumped-parameter approximations. First, the governing equations are non-dimensionalised to avoid ill-conditioning. A closed-form expression for the transfer function is then derived. Finally, nonlinear least-squares optimisation is employed to search for the fault location. Requirements on fault bandwidth, sensor bandwidth and simulation time-step are also presented. The result is a novel end-to-end algorithm for data generation and fault localisation, the effectiveness of which is demonstrated via simulation.
摘要
<>translate "Motivated by the need to localise faults along electrical power lines, this paper adopts a frequency-domain approach to parameter estimation for an infinite-dimensional linear dynamical system with one spatial variable. Since the time of the fault is unknown, and voltages and currents are measured at only one end of the line, distance information must be extracted from the post-fault transients. To properly account for high-frequency transient behaviour, the line dynamics is modelled directly by the Telegrapher's equation, rather than the more commonly used lumped-parameter approximations. First, the governing equations are non-dimensionalised to avoid ill-conditioning. A closed-form expression for the transfer function is then derived. Finally, nonlinear least-squares optimisation is employed to search for the fault location. Requirements on fault bandwidth, sensor bandwidth and simulation time-step are also presented. The result is a novel end-to-end algorithm for data generation and fault localisation, the effectiveness of which is demonstrated via simulation."中文简体版：这篇论文推动了为电力线路检测缺陷的需要，采用频域方法来估算无穷维度线性动力系统中的参数。由于缺陷时间未知，且电压和电流只 mesure在一端，因此需要从后缺陷脉冲中提取距离信息。为了正确地考虑高频脉冲行为，本文直接使用电报方程来模拟线动态，而不是通常使用简化参数近似。首先， governing equations 被非约数学化，以避免不合理的条件。然后， closed-form 表达式 для transfer function derivation。最后，使用非线性最小二乘优化方法来搜索缺陷位置。 besides， paper 还提出了缺陷频率、感知频率和模拟步长的要求。 results 表明了这种 novel end-to-end 算法的有效性，通过 simulation validate。
Reconfigurable Intelligent Sensing Surface aided Wireless Powered Communication Networks: A Sensing-Then-Reflecting Approach
paper_authors: Cheng Luo, Jie Hu, Luping Xiang, Kun Yang
for: 这个论文旨在提出一个可重新配置的智能感应面 (RISS)，让它同时进行反射和方向来测量信号的来源方向信息。这个设计可以实现对于普通通道估计的减少，并且让 RISS 成为独立于 Hybrid Access Point (HAP) 的独立系统。
methods: 这个论文使用了 RISS 自动估计 uplink 信号的来源方向信息，并且使用 HAP 的慢测量 DOA 信息来反射信号。在下行传输中，RISS 更新 HAP 的 DOA 信息，并设计反射能量信号的相位基于最新的用户 DOA 信息。
results: 论文包括了一个完整的性能分析，涵盖系统设计、协议细节、接收性能和 RISS 部署建议。我们 derive 了一个关于系统性能的关闭式表示，并使用了 moments-matching 技术来计算用户接收能量的Statistical 分布。我们还提供了一个建议的传输功率，以满足一定的损失概率和能量阈值。numerical 结果显示，提案的系统比传统 counterpart 高2.3 dB 和 4.7 dB 在 Rician 因子 $\kappa_h = \kappa_G = 1$ 和 $\kappa_h = \kappa_G = 10$ 下，分别。Abstract
This paper presents a reconfigurable intelligent sensing surface (RISS) that combines passive and active elements to achieve simultaneous reflection and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation tasks. By utilizing DOA information from the RISS instead of conventional channel estimation, the pilot overhead is reduced and the RISS becomes independent of the hybrid access point (HAP), enabling efficient operation. Specifically, the RISS autonomously estimates the DOA of uplink signals from single-antenna users and reflects them using the HAP's slowly varying DOA information. During downlink transmission, it updates the HAP's DOA information and designs the reflection phase of energy signals based on the latest user DOA information. The paper includes a comprehensive performance analysis, covering system design, protocol details, receiving performance, and RISS deployment suggestions. We derive a closed-form expression to analyze system performance under DOA errors, and calculate the statistical distribution of user received energy using the moment-matching technique. We provide a recommended transmit power to meet a specified outage probability and energy threshold. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the conventional counterpart by 2.3 dB and 4.7 dB for Rician factors $\kappa_h=\kappa_G=1$ and $\kappa_h=\kappa_G=10$, respectively.
摘要
The paper includes a comprehensive performance analysis, covering system design, protocol details, receiving performance, and RISS deployment suggestions. A closed-form expression is derived to analyze system performance under DOA errors, and the statistical distribution of user received energy is calculated using the moment-matching technique. Numerical results show that the proposed system outperforms the conventional counterpart by 2.3 dB and 4.7 dB for Rician factors $\kappa_h=\kappa_G=1$ and $\kappa_h=\kappa_G=10$, respectively.Here is the translation in Simplified Chinese:这篇论文介绍了一种可重配置的智能感知面（RISS），该面combines passive和active元素以实现同时反射和方向来源估计任务。通过使用RISS中的DOA信息而不是传统的通道估计，可以降低飞行器的干扰负荷和RISS与混合访问点（HAP）之间的依赖关系，从而实现高效的操作。具体来说，RISS可以自主估计单antenna用户信号的DOA，并使用HAP的慢变DOA信息反射这些信号。在下行传输中，RISS会更新HAP的DOA信息，并根据最新的用户DOA信息设计反射能量信号的相对阶段。论文包括了系统设计、协议细节、接收性能和RISS部署建议等方面的全面性表现分析。我们得出了关于系统性能下DOA错误的关闭式表达式，并使用 momento匹配技术计算用户接收能量的统计分布。我们还提供了根据 specify outage probability和能量阈值来确定的建议发射功率。数值结果显示，提案的系统比传统counterpart高于2.3 dB和4.7 dB дляRician因子$\kappa_h=\kappa_G=1$和$\kappa_h=\kappa_G=10$,分别。
paper_authors: Rui Du, Haocheng Hua, Hailiang Xie, Xianxin Song, Zhonghao Lyu, Mengshi Hu, Narengerile, Yan Xin, Stephen McCann, Michael Montemurro, Tony Xiao Han, Jie Xu for:* 本文旨在提供IEEE 802.11bf标准的全面概述，包括其形成和标准化时间表、WLAN感知应用场景和相关关键性能指标要求、以及先前基于通信启用WLAN标准的WLAN感知研究的限制。methods:* 本文详细介绍了IEEE 802.11bf标准的感知框架和过程，包括低于7GHz和指向多吉比特（DMG）感知在60GHz的评估方法，并讨论了它们之间的共同特点、相似性和差异。results:* 本文介绍了IEEE 802.11bf标准的多个候选技术特征，包括波形/序列设计、反馈类型、量化和压缩技术。同时，文章还详细介绍了IEEE 802.11bf TG在评估中使用的方法和通道模型。Abstract
With recent advancements, the wireless local area network (WLAN) or wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technology has been successfully utilized to realize sensing functionalities such as detection, localization, and recognition. However, the WLANs standards are developed mainly for the purpose of communication, and thus may not be able to meet the stringent requirements for emerging sensing applications. To resolve this issue, a new Task Group (TG), namely IEEE 802.11bf, has been established by the IEEE 802.11 working group, with the objective of creating a new amendment to the WLAN standard to meet advanced sensing requirements while minimizing the effect on communications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the up-to-date efforts in the IEEE 802.11bf TG. First, we introduce the definition of the 802.11bf amendment and its formation and standardization timeline. Next, we discuss the WLAN sensing use cases with the corresponding key performance indicator (KPI) requirements. After reviewing previous WLAN sensing research based on communication-oriented WLAN standards, we identify their limitations and underscore the practical need for the new sensing-oriented amendment in 802.11bf. Furthermore, we discuss the WLAN sensing framework and procedure used for measurement acquisition, by considering both sensing at sub-7GHz and directional multi-gigabit (DMG) sensing at 60 GHz, respectively, and address their shared features, similarities, and differences. In addition, we present various candidate technical features for IEEE 802.11bf, including waveform/sequence design, feedback types, as well as quantization and compression techniques. We also describe the methodologies and the channel modeling used by the IEEE 802.11bf TG for evaluation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future research directions to motivate more research endeavors towards this field in details.
摘要
随着技术的发展，无线地区网络（WLAN）或无线准确度（Wi-Fi）技术已经成功地实现感知功能，如探测、地理位置和识别。但是，WLAN标准主要是为沟通而开发，因此可能无法满足新兴感知应用的严格要求。为解决这个问题，IEEE 802.11bf 任务组（TG）在IEEE 802.11工作组内成立，目标是创建一个新的修订，以满足高级感知应用的需求，同时尽量不影响通信。本文提供了IEEE 802.11bf TG 的准确情况。首先，我们介绍了802.11bf 修订的定义和成立时间表。然后，我们讨论了WLAN 感知应用的使用场景和相关关键性能指标（KPI）要求。我们还回顾了基于通信导向的WLAN 感知研究，并识别了其局限性，强调了实际需要新的感知导向修订。此外，我们介绍了WLAN 感知框架和测量获取方法，包括低于7GHz 的感知和60GHz 的指向多吉比特（DMG）感知，并讨论了它们之间的共同特点、相似之处和差异。此外，我们还提出了IEEE 802.11bf 修订的各种技术特征，包括波形/序列设计、反馈类型、量化和压缩技术。我们还描述了IEEE 802.11bf TG 使用的评估方法和通信核心模型。最后，我们讨论了IEEE 802.11bf 修订的挑战和未来研究方向，以便更多的研究资源投入到这一领域。
Time-Modulated Intelligent Reflecting Surface for Waveform Security
results: 提高了对授权接收器的通信信息保护，并对所有其他方向的信息进行混淆Abstract
We consider an OFDM transmitter aided by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and propose a novel approach to enhance waveform security by employing time modulation (TM) at the IRS side. By controlling the periodic TM pattern of the IRS elements, the system is designed to preserve communication information towards an authorized recipient and scramble the information towards all other directions. We introduce two modes of TM pattern control: the linear mode, in which we design common TM parameters for entire rows or columns of the IRS, and the planar mode, where we design TM parameters for each individual IRS unit. Due to the required fewer switches, the linear mode is easier to implement as compared to the planar mode. However, the linear model results in a beampattern that has sidelobes, over which the transmitted information is not sufficiently scrambled. We show that the sidelobes of the linear mode can be suppressed by exploiting the high diversity available in that mode.
摘要
我们考虑了一个使用智能反射 superficie（IRS）的OFDM发送器，并提出了一种新的方法来增强波形安全性。我们在IRS сторо面使用时间修订（TM）来控制Periodic TM模式。通过控制IRS元素的TM模式，我们设计了一种保护通信信息向授权接收方和混杂所有其他方向的系统。我们引入了两种TM模式控制方式：直线模式和平面模式。直线模式中，我们设计了整个行或列的TM参数，而平面模式中，我们设计了每个IRS单元的TM参数。由于需要 fewer switches，直线模式更容易实现，但是它会导致有侧峰， transmitter information在这些侧峰上不够混杂。我们表明，直线模式中的侧峰可以通过利用高多样性来降低。
Foundational Techniques for Wireless Communications: Channel Coding, Modulation, and Equalization
results: 该论文通过评估不同通道条件下这些技术的性能，提供了实用的透彻性和现代无线通信系统中这些技术的重要性。线性和决策反馈平衡技术被评估以mitigate通道质量下的效应。Abstract
This paper analyses foundational techniques for improving wireless communication systems, including coding methods, modulation schemes, and channel equalization. Using industry-standard simulation tools, the paper evaluates the performance of these techniques under different channel conditions. Convolutional codes, punctured and unpunctured, are assessed for reliable data transfer. The suitability of various modulation schemes, such as Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), are examined. Linear and decision-feedback equalization techniques are evaluated for mitigating the effects of channel impairments. The paper provides practical insights into the implementation of these techniques, emphasizing their importance in modern wireless communication systems.
摘要
Convolutional codes, punctured and unpunctured, are assessed for reliable data transfer. The suitability of various modulation schemes, such as Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), are examined. Linear and decision-feedback equalization techniques are evaluated for mitigating the effects of channel impairments.The paper provides practical insights into the implementation of these techniques, emphasizing their importance in modern wireless communication systems.