results: 该 OAWM 系统可以成功地测量 sinusoidal 测试信号，并达到 SINAD 30 dB 和 ENOB 4.7 bit。它还可以接收 64QAM 数据信号，并在 symbol rates 达到 100 GBd 时实现 constellation signal-to-noise ratios (CSNR) 与 conventional coherent receivers 相当。在理论上，我们发现可以通过增加非分割 OAWM 系统的通道数来提高捕获带宽和信号质量。Abstract
Comb-based optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM) techniques can overcome the bandwidth limitations of conventional coherent detection schemes and may have disruptive impact on a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. Over the previous years, different OAWM schemes have been demonstrated, showing the performance and the application potential of the concept in laboratory experiments. However, these demonstrations still relied on discrete fiber-optic components or on combinations of discrete coherent receivers with integrated optical slicing filters that require complex tuning procedures to achieve the desired performance. In this paper, we demonstrate the first wavelength-agnostic OAWM front-end that is integrated on a compact silicon photonic chip and that neither requires slicing filters nor active controls. Our OAWM system comprises four IQ receivers, which are accurately calibrated using a femtosecond mode-locked laser and which offer a total acquisition bandwidth of 170 GHz. Using sinusoidal test signals, we measure a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SINAD) of 30 dB for the reconstructed signal, which corresponds to an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 4.7 bit, where the underlying electronic analog-to-digital converters (ADC) turn out to be the main limitation. The performance of the OAWM system is further demonstrated by receiving 64QAM data signals at symbol rates of up to 100 GBd, achieving constellation signal-to-noise ratios (CSNR) that are on par with those obtained for conventional coherent receivers. In a theoretical scalability analysis, we show that increasing the channel count of non-sliced OAWM systems can improve both the acquisition bandwidth and the signal quality. We believe that our work represents a key step towards out-of-lab use of highly compact OAWM systems that rely on chip-scale integrated optical front-ends.
摘要
optical Arbitrary Waveform Measurement（OAWM）技术可以超越传统同步探测方案的频率限制，并可能在广泛的科学和工业应用中产生干扰性的影响。过去几年，不同的OAWM方案在实验室中得到了证明，并显示了这种概念的性能和应用潜力。但是，这些实验仍然基于离散的纤维仪件或者离散的同步接收器和集成仪件的组合，需要复杂的调试过程来实现所需的性能。在这篇论文中，我们展示了首个不需要探针过滤器，也不需要活动控制的OAWM前端。我们的OAWM系统包括四个IQ接收器，它们通过使用 Femtosecond 模拟激光来精准寻定，并具有170 GHz的总获得带宽。使用正弦测试信号，我们测量到了重建信号的噪声比为30 dB，相应的有效数 bits（ENOB）为4.7 bit，其中下面的电子分析数字转换器（ADC）是主要的限制。我们的OAWM系统的性能进一步得到了证明，可以接收64QAM数据信号，并达到与传统同步接收器相同的符号信号噪声比（CSNR）。在理论上，我们发现了不需要探针过滤器的OAWM系统的频率Count的提高可以提高获得带宽和信号质量。我们认为，我们的工作代表了同步探测系统的快速出场的关键一步。
Green Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems: A Practical Approach Using Beam-Matching Error Metrics
results: 实验结果表明，提出的优化扫描设计方案具有非常出色的扫描性能，强调了雷达组件在探测任务中的特出表现。Abstract
In this paper, we propose a green beamforming design for the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, using beam-matching error to assess radar performance. The beam-matching error metric, which considers the mean square error between the desired and designed beam patterns, provides a more practical evaluation approach. To tackle the non-convex challenge inherent in beamforming design, we apply semidefinite relaxation (SDR) to address the rank-one relaxation issue, followed by the iterative rank minimization algorithm (IRM) for rank-one recovery. The simulation results showcase the effectiveness of our proposed optimal beamforming design, emphasizing the exceptional performance of the radar component in sensing tasks.
摘要
在这篇论文中，我们提出了一种绿色扩散设计方案，用于 интегрирован的感测和通信（ISAC）系统，使用束匹配错误来评估雷达性能。束匹配错误指标，考虑了想要的束 pattern和设计的束 pattern之间的平均方差，提供了更实用的评估方法。为了解决扩散设计中的非 convex 挑战，我们使用半definite relaxation（SDR）来解决级数一relaxation问题，然后使用迭代rank minimization algorithm（IRM）来实现级数一回复。实验结果显示了我们提出的优化扩散设计的效iveness，强调了雷达组件在感测任务中的出色性能。
Robust NOMA-assisted OTFS-ISAC Network Design with 3D Motion Prediction Topology
results: 透过3D动态预测拓扑导引NOMA传输，并提出一个可靠的功率分配解决方案，以解决做为MMF和SR问题。 simulation结果显示，提案的NOMA-assisted OTFS-ISAC系统在具有3D动态预测拓扑的情况下，在完美和不完美频道条件下具有较高的可达速率。Abstract
This paper proposes a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-assisted orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS)-integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network, which uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as air base stations to support multiple users. By employing ISAC, the UAV extracts position and velocity information from the user's echo signals, and non-orthogonal power allocation is conducted to achieve a superior achievable rate. A 3D motion prediction topology is used to guide the NOMA transmission for multiple users, and a robust power allocation solution is proposed under perfect and imperfect channel estimation for Maxi-min Fairness (MMF) and Maximum sum-Rate (SR) problems. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed NOMA-assisted OTFS-ISAC system over other systems in terms of achievable rate under both perfect and imperfect channel conditions with the aid of 3D motion prediction topology.
摘要
To guide the NOMA transmission for multiple users, a 3D motion prediction topology is used. The network also proposes a robust power allocation solution under both perfect and imperfect channel estimation for Maximum Minimum Fairness (MMF) and Maximum Sum-Rate (SR) problems.Simulation results show that the proposed NOMA-assisted OTFS-ISAC system outperforms other systems in terms of achievable rate under both perfect and imperfect channel conditions, with the aid of the 3D motion prediction topology.
Cloud-Connected Wireless Holter Monitor Machine with Neural Networks Based ECG Analysis for Remote Health Monitoring
paper_authors: Azlaan Ranjha, Laiba Jabbar, Osaid Ahmed
for: 提高心血管疾病诊断的准确性
methods: 使用无线电心电听器、WIFI数据传输、人工神经网络分类模型
results: 实现心血管疾病诊断的准确率超过88%，提供了一种快速、准确且cost-effective的心血管诊断方案Abstract
This study describes the creation of a wireless, transportable Holter monitor to improve the accuracy of cardiac disease diagnosis. The main goal of this study is to develop a low-cost cardiac screening system suited explicitly for underprivileged areas, addressing the rising rates of cardiovascular death. The suggested system includes a wireless Electrocardiogram (ECG) module for real-time cardiac signal gathering using attached electrodes, with data transfer made possible by WiFi to a cloud server for archival and analysis. The system uses a neural network model for automated ECG classification, concentrating on the identification of cardiac anomalies. The diagnostic performance of cardiologist-level ECG analysis is surpassed by our upgraded deep neural network architecture, which underwent thorough evaluation and showed a stunning accuracy rate of more than 88\%. A quick, accurate, and reasonably priced option for cardiac screening is provided by this ground-breaking technology, which smoothly merges wireless data transfer with AI-assisted diagnostics. In addition to providing a thorough overview of the development process, this paper also highlights methods used to improve model accuracy, such as data preparation, class imbalance correction using oversampling, and model fine-tuning. The work shows the viability of a comprehensive remote cardiac screening system powered by AI and maximising the use of wearable and cloud computing resources. Such cutting-edge remote health monitoring technologies have great promise for improved health outcomes and early identification, especially in resource-constrained countries.
摘要
这项研究描述了一种无线传输式适用于诊断心血管疾病的哨杀器监测系统。研究的主要目标是开发一种低成本的心血管检测系统，特意针对贫困地区，以应对心血管疾病的增长。提议的系统包括一个无线电心电响（ECG）模块，通过附加的电极收集心电信号，并通过WiFi传输数据到云服务器进行存储和分析。系统使用一种升级的深度神经网络模型进行自动ECG分类，主要关注心血管疾病的识别。研究人员通过对模型进行优化，包括数据准备、数据偏置纠正和模型细化，提高了模型的准确率，达到了超过88%。这项创新技术为心血管疾病检测提供了快速、准确、便宜的选择，并将无线数据传输和人工智能助动诊断融合在一起。此外，研究人员还提出了使用云计算和佩戴式设备来实现远程响应心血管疾病检测的可能性。这种前于顶峰的远程卫生监测技术具有很大的推动健康结果和早期识别潜力，特别是在资源受限的国家。
Goal-oriented Communications for the IoT: System Design and Adaptive Resource Optimization
results: 本文通过数据示例表明，GO IoT系统设计方法可以在边缘推理、合作感知和联合学习等场景中实现显著的提高。这些示例表明了该方法的实际应用和现实意义，有potentiality to revolutionize IoT systems。Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) applications combine sensing, wireless communication, intelligence, and actuation, enabling the interaction among heterogeneous devices that collect and process considerable amounts of data. However, the effectiveness of IoT applications needs to face the limitation of available resources, including spectrum, energy, computing, learning and inference capabilities. This paper challenges the prevailing approach to IoT communication, which prioritizes the usage of resources in order to guarantee perfect recovery, at the bit level, of the data transmitted by the sensors to the central unit. We propose a novel approach, called goal-oriented (GO) IoT system design, that transcends traditional bit-related metrics and focuses directly on the fulfillment of the goal motivating the exchange of data. The improvement is then achieved through a comprehensive system optimization, integrating sensing, communication, computation, learning, and control. We provide numerical results demonstrating the practical applications of our methodology in compelling use cases such as edge inference, cooperative sensing, and federated learning. These examples highlight the effectiveness and real-world implications of our proposed approach, with the potential to revolutionize IoT systems.
摘要
互联网物联网（IoT）应用程序将感知、无线通信、智能和动作结合起来，使不同设备之间进行数据交换和处理。然而，IoT应用程序的效iveness需要面临有限的资源，包括频率带、能源、计算、学习和推理能力。本文挑战了现有的IoT通信方法，它强调使用资源以确保数据传输的精度。我们提出了一种新的目标对齐（GO）IoT系统设计方法，它不仅仅是关注传输数据的位数据精度，而是直接关注数据传输的目标。我们通过了一种整体系统优化方法，整合感知、通信、计算、学习和控制，提高系统的效iveness。我们提供了数字结果，证明我们的方法在Edge推理、合作感知和联邦学习等实用应用中的实际应用。这些例子说明了我们的提议的效果和现实意义，它有可能革命化IoT系统。
Joint Network Function Placement and Routing Optimization in Dynamic Software-defined Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks
results: 比基eline方案提高完成服务数量超过58%，并降低服务延迟率大于17%。Abstract
Software-defined satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (SDSTNs) are seen as a promising paradigm for achieving high resource flexibility and global communication coverage. However, low latency service provisioning is still challenging due to the fast variation of network topology and limited onboard resource at low earth orbit satellites. To address this issue, we study service provisioning in SDSTNs via joint optimization of virtual network function (VNF) placement and routing planning with network dynamics characterized by a time-evolving graph. Aiming at minimizing average service latency, the corresponding problem is formulated as an integer nonlinear programming under resource, VNF deployment, and time-slotted flow constraints. Since exhaustive search is intractable, we transform the primary problem into an integer linear programming by involving auxiliary variables and then propose a Benders decomposition based branch-and-cut (BDBC) algorithm. Towards practical use, a time expansion-based decoupled greedy (TEDG) algorithm is further designed with rigorous complexity analysis. Extensive experiments demonstrate the optimality of BDBC algorithm and the low complexity of TEDG algorithm. Meanwhile, it is indicated that they can improve the number of completed services within a configuration period by up to 58% and reduce the average service latency by up to 17% compared to baseline schemes.
摘要
软件定义卫星地面Integrated networks (SDSTNs) 被看作是一种有前途的方法，以实现高资源灵活性和全球通信覆盖。然而，为了提供低延迟服务，由于网络结构的快速变化和低轨道卫星上的限制资源，仍然是一个挑战。为解决这个问题，我们研究了在SDSTNs中提供服务通过虚拟网络功能（VNF）的分配和路由规划的 JOINT优化。我们的目标是最小化服务延迟，并且将问题转化为一个整数非线性程序，受到资源、VNF部署和时钟分配的约束限制。由于枚举搜索是不可行的，我们将 primal problem 转化为整数线性程序，并提出了基于Benders decomposition的分支和裁剪（BDBC）算法。为实际应用，我们还提出了一种基于时间扩展的分解蜕蜕（TEDG）算法，并进行了严格的复杂性分析。实验结果表明，BDBC算法是优化的，而TEDG算法的复杂性很低。此外，我们发现，它们可以在配置期内完成更多的服务，并将服务延迟降低到17%以上，相比基eline schemes。
Wideband Beamforming for STAR-RIS-assisted THz Communications with Three-Side Beam Split
results: 作者通过数值结果验证了提出的方案的有效性。Abstract
In this paper, we consider the simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-assisted THz communications with three-side beam split. Except for the beam split at the base station (BS), we analyze the double-side beam split at the STAR-RIS for the first time. To relieve the double-side beam split effect, we propose a time delayer (TD)-based fully-connected structure at the STAR-RIS. As a further advance, a low-hardware complexity and low-power consumption sub-connected structure is developed, where multiple STAR-RIS elements share one TD. Meanwhile, considering the practical scenario, we investigate a multi-STAR-RIS and multi-user communication system, and a sum rate maximization problem is formulated by jointly optimizing the hybrid analog/digital beamforming, time delays at the BS as well as the double-layer phase-shift coefficients, time delays and amplitude coefficients at the STAR-RISs. Based on this, we first allocate users for each STAR-RIS, and then derive the analog beamforming, time delays at the BS, and the double-layer phase-shift coefficients, time delays at each STAR-RIS. Next, we develop an alternative optimization algorithm to calculate the digital beamforming at the BS and amplitude coefficients at the STAR-RISs. Finally, the numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
摘要
在这篇论文中，我们考虑了同时传输和反射可配置智能表面（STAR-RIS）帮助的 THz 通信系统中的三面扫描分。除了基站（BS）的扫描分，我们对 STAR-RIS 中的双面扫描分进行了分析。为了减轻双面扫描分的影响，我们提议在 STAR-RIS 中使用时延（TD）基于完全连接结构。此外，我们还提出了一种具有低硬件复杂度和低能耗的半连接结构，其中多个 STAR-RIS 元素共享一个 TD。此外，我们还考虑了实际场景，研究了多个 STAR-RIS 和多用户通信系统，并对 hybrid 分析/数字 beamforming、时延在 BS 以及 DOUBLE-LAYER 相位偏移 coefficients、时延和幅偏移在每个 STAR-RIS 进行了最大化Sum rate 问题。基于这，我们首先将用户分配给每个 STAR-RIS，然后 derivation analog beamforming、时延在 BS 和 DOUBLE-LAYER 相位偏移 coefficients、时延在每个 STAR-RIS。接着，我们开发了一种代替优化算法，用于计算数字 beamforming 在 BS 和每个 STAR-RIS 的幅偏移。最后，数值结果证明了我们提出的方案的有效性。
Trajectory and Power Design for Aerial Multi-User Covert Communications
results: 研究发现，采用合适的 trajectory 和功率分配策略可以提高掩饰率，并且在多天线 Wardens 情况下，可以采用类似的策略来提高掩饰率。Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide wireless access to terrestrial users, regardless of geographical constraints, and will be an important part of future communication systems. In this paper, a multi-user downlink dual-UAVs enabled covert communication system was investigated, in which a UAV transmits secure information to ground users in the presence of multiple wardens as well as a friendly jammer UAV transmits artificial jamming signals to fight with the wardens. The scenario of wardens being outfitted with a single antenna is considered, and the detection error probability (DEP) of wardens with finite observations is researched. Then, considering the uncertainty of wardens' location, a robust optimization problem with worst-case covertness constraint is formulated to maximize the average covert rate by jointly optimizing power allocation and trajectory. To cope with the optimization problem, an algorithm based on successive convex approximation methods is proposed. Thereafter, the results are extended to the case where all the wardens are equipped with multiple antennas. After analyzing the DEP in this scenario, a tractable lower bound of the DEP is obtained by utilizing Pinsker's inequality. Subsequently, the non-convex optimization problem was established and efficiently coped by utilizing a similar algorithm as in the single-antenna scenario. Numerical results indicate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
摘要
“无人航空车（UAV）可以提供无线通信服务，无论地理限制，并将成为未来通信系统的重要组件。在这篇研究中，一个多用户下行双UAV对抗通信系统被研究，其中一个UAV传送安全信息到地面用户，同时友好干扰UAV传送假的干扰信号以抗衡敌人。假设监听者搭配单一天线，DEP（检测错误率）的研究被考虑。然后，根据监听者的位置不确定性，一个具有最坏隐身性约束的强化优化问题被设定，以最大化平均隐身率，通过协同调度和轨道优化。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了基于成功递增法的算法。接下来，我们将结果扩展到所有监听者都搭配多天线情况下。经过分析DEP的情况，我们得到了一个可以计算的下界DEP。然后，我们设定了一个非对称优化问题，并使用相似的算法来解决。 numerics indicate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm。”Note: Simplified Chinese is used in this translation, which is a more casual and conversational style of Chinese. If you prefer Traditional Chinese or another style, please let me know and I can adjust the translation accordingly.
Trajectory and power design for aerial CRNs with colluding eavesdroppers
results: numerical results表明我们的提议的方案可以提高空中广播网络的安全性表现。Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide wireless access services to terrestrial users without geographical limitations and will become an essential part of the future communication system. However, the openness of wireless channels and the mobility of UAVs make the security of UAV-based communication systems particularly challenging. This work investigates the security of aerial cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with multiple uncertainties colluding eavesdroppers. A cognitive aerial base station transmits messages to cognitive terrestrial users using the spectrum resource of the primary users. All secondary terrestrial users and illegitimate receivers jointly decode the received message. The average secrecy rate of the aerial CRNs is maximized by jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory and transmission power. An iterative algorithm based on block coordinate descent and successive convex approximation is proposed to solve the non-convex mixed-variable optimization problem. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and show that our scheme improves the secrecy performance of airborne CRNs.
摘要
无人飞行器（UAV）可以提供无地点限制的无线访问服务，未来的通信系统中将成为不可或缺的一部分。然而，无线通道的开放性和UAV的移动性使得UAV基站的安全特别挑战。这项工作研究了有多个不确定参与者的邻近广播网络（CRN）的安全性。一个认知空中基站通过主用户频率资源传输消息给认知地面用户。所有次要地面用户和非法接收器共同解码接收到的消息。通过协调UAV的轨迹和传输功率进行最大化平均机密率，解决了混合变量优化问题。我们提出了基于块协调下降和Successive Convex Approximation（SCA）的迭代算法来解决非对称混合变量优化问题。数值结果证明了我们的提议的有效性，并显示了我们的方案在空中CRN中提高了机密性性能。
Beamforming Design for the Distributed RISs-aided THz Communications with Double-Layer True Time Delays
results: 实验结果表明，提出的方案可以有效地提高系统性能，并且可以考虑实际硬件限制。Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided terahertz (THz) communication system with the sparse radio frequency chains antenna structure at the base station (BS). To overcome the beam split of the BS, different from the conventional single-layer true-time-delay (TTD) scheme, we propose a double-layer TTD scheme that can effectively reduce the number of large-range delay devices, which involve additional insertion loss and amplification circuitry. Next, we analyze the system performance under the proposed double-layer TTD scheme. To relieve the beam split of the RIS, we consider multiple distributed RISs to replace an ultra-large size RIS. Based on this, we formulate an achievable rate maximization problem for the distributed RISs-aided THz communications via jointly optimizing the hybrid analog/digital beamforming, time delays of the double-layer TTD network and reflection coefficients of RISs. Considering the practical hardware limitation, the finite-resolution phase shift, time delay and reflection phase are constrained. To solve the formulated problem, we first design an analog beamforming scheme including optimizing phase shift and time delay based on the RISs' locations. Then, an alternatively optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain the digital beamforming and reflection coefficients based on the minimum mean square error and coordinate update techniques. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
摘要
在这篇论文中，我们研究了利用协助器（RIS）的可重新配置的智能表面（RIS）-帮助的 TerraHertz（THz）通信系统，其中基站（BS）使用稀疏的 радио频率链天线结构。为了解决基站的束分，我们提议了一种双层真时延迟（TTD）方案，可以有效减少基站的大范围延迟设备，这些设备包括额外插入损和增益电路。接着，我们分析了系统性能下提议的双层 TTD 方案。为了缓解 RIS 的束分，我们考虑了多个分布式 RIS，以取代巨大Size RIS。基于这，我们提出了一个可实现最大化率的做法，通过同时优化混合式analog/数字扫描、双层 TTD 网络的时延和 RIS 的反射率来实现。受到实际硬件限制，finite-resolution phase shift、时延和反射相位受限。为了解决这个问题，我们首先设计了一种analog扫描方案，包括优化相位和时延基于 RIS 的位置。然后，我们提出了一种alternatively optimization算法，用于取得数字扫描和反射率。最后，我们通过实际结果来证明提议的方案的有效性。
NMR Spectra Denoising with Vandermonde Constraints
paper_authors: Di Guo, Runmin Xu, Jinyu Wu, Meijin Lin, Xiaofeng Du, Xiaobo Qu
for: 用于分析化学和蛋白质的生物工程中，使用核磁共振（NMR） спектроскопия时，Signal 容易受到数据收集时的噪声污染，这会影响后续的量化分析。因此，去噪NMR Signal 已成为一项长期关注的问题。
methods: 本文提出了一种优化模型基于迭代减噪方法，称为CHORD-V，该方法在时域NMR Signal 上对噪声进行了逼近，并维持了泛函分解。
results: 对于both synthetic和实际的NMR数据，CHORD-V方法表现出了较高的减噪性能，比typical Cadzow和rQRd方法更为出色，同时也比state-of-the-art CHORD方法更为精准。CHORD-V方法能够更好地还原低强度 спектраль峰，特别是当噪声相对较高时。Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy serves as an important tool to analyze chemicals and proteins in bioengineering. However, NMR signals are easily contaminated by noise during the data acquisition, which can affect subsequent quantitative analysis. Therefore, denoising NMR signals has been a long-time concern. In this work, we propose an optimization model-based iterative denoising method, CHORD-V, by treating the time-domain NMR signal as damped exponentials and maintaining the exponential signal form with a Vandermonde factorization. Results on both synthetic and realistic NMR data show that CHORD-V has a superior denoising performance over typical Cadzow and rQRd methods, and the state-of-the-art CHORD method. CHORD-V restores low-intensity spectral peaks more accurately, especially when the noise is relatively high.
摘要
核磁共振（NMR）光谱技术在生物工程中扮演着重要的角色，但NMR信号在数据采集过程中容易受到噪声污染，这会影响后续的量化分析。因此，NMR信号的减噪成为了长期的焦点。在这种工作中，我们提出了一种基于优化模型的迭代减噪方法，即CHORD-V，其中将时域NMR信号 treated为抑制的 экспонент，并通过瓦德蒙德分解保持信号形式。对于 synthetic 和实际的 NMR 数据进行了比较，CHORD-V 的减噪性能较 Cadzow 和 rQRd 方法更高，同时也高于现有的 CHORD 方法。CHORD-V 能够更准确地还原低强度的spectral peaks，特别是在噪声较高的情况下。