methods: 该论文使用了 Mean-Value Theorem 将纯反馈非线性系统转化为约束式反馈系统，并使用了 finite-time-stable like function 和状态转换来 garantuee 输出追踪误差在固定的 finite interval 内 converge 到预定的集合。
results: 该论文使用了 integral Barrier Lyapunov functions 来保证状态变量在预定的约束内 remain 在 feasibility check 中，并使用了尼采度系统来近似未知非线性函数。 最后，论文提供了两个示例来证明提出的控制策略的有效性。Abstract
This paper investigates the finite-time adaptive fuzzy tracking control problem for a class of pure-feedback system with full-state constraints. With the help of Mean-Value Theorem, the pure-feedback nonlinear system is transformed into strict-feedback case. By employing finite-time-stable like function and state transformation for output tracking error, the output tracking error converges to a predefined set in a fixed finite interval. To tackle the problem of state constraints, integral Barrier Lyapunov functions are utilized to guarantee that the state variables remain within the prescribed constraints with feasibility check. Fuzzy logic systems are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. In addition, all the signals in the closed-loop system are guaranteed to be semi-global ultimately uniformly bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
摘要
本文研究一种 finite-time 适应杂环境控制问题，对于一类具有全状态约束的纯反馈系统。通过 Mean-Value Theorem，我们将纯反馈非线性系统转换为约束反馈系统。通过使用 finite-time 稳定类似函数和状态变换来控制输出追踪错误，输出追踪错误在固定时间内 converge 到预定集。为解决状态约束问题，我们使用 integral Barrier Lyapunov functions 确保状态变量在预定的约束范围内停止。此外，我们还使用混杂逻辑系统来近似未知非线性函数。最后，我们证明所有系统信号在关闭环Loop 中都是半全球uniformly bounded。为证明效果，我们在文中提供了两个示例。
Adaptive Fuzzy Tracking Control for Nonlinear State Constrained Pure-Feedback Systems With Input Delay via Dynamic Surface Technique
methods: 本文使用了 Mean Value Theorem 将混合反馈系统转化为纯反馈系统，并使用了 barrier Lyapunov functions 保证系统所有状态都处于预定的集中。 而且，通过引入 Pade 近似方法和相应的中间变量，消除了输入延迟对输出追踪性能的影响。
results: 本文通过稳定分析，证明了所有信号在封闭Loop系统中都是半全球最终有界bounded，并且可以通过选择合适的参数，使追踪错误在任意小的邻域内减少到起始点附近。最后，通过数值示例，证明了提出的方法的有效性。Abstract
This brief constructs the adaptive backstepping control scheme for a class of pure-feedback systems with input delay and full state constraints. With the help of Mean Value Theorem, the pure-feedback system is transformed into strict-feedback one. Barrier Lyapunov functions are employed to guarantee all of the states remain constrained within predefined sets. By introducing the Pade approximation method and corresponding intermediate, the impact generated by input delay on the output tracking performance of the system can be eliminated. Furthermore, a low-pass filter driven by a newly-defined control input, is employed to generate the actual control input, which facilitates the design of backstepping control. To approximate the unknown functions with a desired level of accuracy, the fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are utilized by choosing appropriate fuzzy rules, logics and so on. The minimal learning parameter (MLP) technique is employed to decrease the number of nodes and parameters in FLSs, and dynamic surface control (DSC) technique is leveraged to avoid so-called "explosion of complexity". Moreover, smooth robust compensators are introduced to circumvent the influences of external disturbance and approximation errors. By stability analysis, it is proved that all of signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally ultimately uniform bounded, and the tracking error can be within a arbitrary small neighbor of origin via selecting appropriate parameters of controllers. Finally, the results of numerical illustration are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed method.
摘要
这个文章构建了一种适应式后夹控制方案 для一类具有输入延迟和全状约束的纯反馈系统。通过意义值定理，这种纯反馈系统被转换为紧急反馈系统。使用障碍函数来保证所有状态都尽可能地保持在预定的集中。通过引入Pade方法和相应的中间变量，可以消除输入延迟对输出追踪性的影响。此外，一个低通滤波器，被驱动by一个新定义的控制输入，被用来生成实际的控制输入，以便实现后夹控制。通过使用多值逻辑系统（FLS），可以 aproximate unknown functions with a desired level of accuracy。使用最小学习参数（MLP）技术可以减少FLS的节点和参数数量，并使用动态表面控制（DSC）技术来避免“爆炸性”问题。此外，使用平滑稳定补偿器可以避免外部干扰和 aproximation error的影响。通过稳定分析，证明所有在关闭循环系统中的信号都是 semi-globally ultimately uniform bounded，并且追踪错误可以在一个任意小的邻域内减少到起始点。最后，文章提供了数据示例来证明设计的方法的有效性。
Analytical Performance Bounds for Radio Map Estimation
paper_authors: Daniel Romero, Tien Ngoc Ha, Raju Shrestha, Massimo Franceschetti
for: 这篇论文主要targetsRadio Map Estimation (RME) problem, aiming to provide a radiofrequency metric at every location of a geographical region of interest by relying on measurements acquired at multiple positions.
methods: 这篇论文使用了一些已知的估计器，并对其性能进行了分析。同时，它还提出了一些新的Error bounds和Complexity measures to quantify the performance of these estimators.
results: 研究发现， Error bounds和Complexity measures可以roughly proportional to the proximity coefficient, which depends on the transmitted power and the distance from the transmitters to the mapped region. Simple numerical experiments verify the tightness of the obtained bounds.Abstract
Radio map estimation (RME) aims at providing a radiofrequency metric, such as the received power strength, at every location of a geographical region of interest by relying on measurements acquired at multiple positions. Although a large number of estimators have been proposed so far, their performance has been analyzed mostly on simulated data. The theoretical aspects of the RME problem as well as performance bounds remain an open problem. This paper takes a step towards filling this gap by means of a theoretical analysis of the RME problem in a free-space propagation environment. First, the complexity of the estimation problem is quantified by means of upper bounds on the spatial variability of radio maps. Second, error bounds are derived for zeroth-order and first-order interpolation estimators. The proximity coefficient, which depends proportionally on the transmitted power and inversely proportionally on the cube of the distance from the transmitters to the mapped region, is proposed to quantify the complexity of the RME problem. One of the main findings is that the error of the considered estimators is roughly proportional to this proximity coefficient. Simple numerical experiments verify the tightness of the obtained bounds.
摘要
Radio 地图估计（RME）目标是在 интересующие我们地理区域中每个位置提供电磁波度量，通过在多个位置上进行测量来实现。虽然一大量的估计器已经被提出，但其性能主要基于模拟数据进行分析。 radio 地图估计问题的理论方面以及性能下限仍然是一个未解决的问题。这篇论文通过对 radio 地图估计问题在射频传播环境中进行理论分析来做出一步。首先，估计问题的复杂性被质量量化通过上限 bounds on 电磁波地图的空间变化。其次，对于零阶和首阶 interpolator 的估计器而言，错误 bounds 被 derivation。 transmitted 功率和投放到电磁波地图区域的距离之间的立方根有关的 proximity 系数被提出来衡量估计问题的复杂性。这一主要发现是估计器的错误roughly proportional to 该 proximity 系数。 simple numerical experiments 验证了获得的 bound 的紧密性。
Interference Management by Harnessing Multi-Domain Resources in Spectrum-Sharing Aided Satellite-Ground Integrated Networks
methods: 该方案利用了joint multi-domain resource aided interference management（JMDR-IM）技术，包括 beam-domain和power-domain资源的共享，以及特制的beam shut-off和switching based beam scheduling，以及long short-term memory based joint autoregressive moving average assisted deep Q network aided power scheduling。
results: 研究人员通过分析覆盖重叠区域的覆盖相互关系，并利用多域资源进行干扰管理，从而提高了throughput和降低了outage probability（OP）。Abstract
A spectrum-sharing satellite-ground integrated network is conceived, consisting of a pair of non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) constellations and multiple terrestrial base stations, which impose the co-frequency interference (CFI) on each other. The CFI may increase upon increasing the number of satellites. To manage the potentially severe interference, we propose to rely on joint multi-domain resource aided interference management (JMDR-IM). Specifically, the coverage overlap of the constellations considered is analyzed. Then, multi-domain resources - including both the beam-domain and power-domain - are jointly utilized for managing the CFI in an overlapping coverage region. This joint resource utilization is performed by relying on our specifically designed beam-shut-off and switching based beam scheduling, as well as on long short-term memory based joint autoregressive moving average assisted deep Q network aided power scheduling. Moreover, the outage probability (OP) of the proposed JMDR-IM scheme is derived, and the asymptotic analysis of the OP is also provided. Our performance evaluations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed JMDR-IM scheme in terms of its increased throughput and reduced OP.
摘要
一种基于各自频率共享的卫星地面集成网络是提出的，该网络包括两组非地球坐标卫星（NGSO）和多个地面基站，这些卫星和基站之间存在干扰。随着卫星的数量增加，干扰可能会增加。为了管理严重的干扰，我们提议利用多元频率资源帮助的共享资源管理（JMDR-IM）。 Specifically，我们分析了卫星集成的覆盖重叠区域。然后，我们利用多元频率资源，包括扫描频率和功率频率，共同管理干扰在重叠覆盖区域。这种共同资源利用是通过我们特制的扫描屏蔽和功率频率调度来实现的，以及基于长期快速傅立叶滤波器支持的深度神经网络帮助的电力调度。此外，我们还 derivated了我们提议的JMDR-IM方案的失效概率（OP），并提供了这种方案的极限分析。我们的性能评估表明，相比之下，我们的JMDR-IM方案在透传率和失效概率方面具有更高的优势。
GDOP Based BS Selection for Positioning in mmWave 5G NR Networks
results: 根据基站的几何分布选择算法可以在杂合线视野（LOS）和非线视野（NLOS）环境下提高UE定位精度，并且需要 fewer radio resources。Abstract
The fifth-generation (5G) of mobile communication supported by millimetre-wave (mmWave) technology and higher base station (BS) densification facilitate to enhance user equipment (UE) positioning. Therefore, 5G cellular system is designed with many positioning measurements and special positioning reference signals with a multitude of configurations for a variety of use cases, expecting stringent positioning accuracies. One of the major factors that the accuracy of a particular position estimate depends on is the geometry of the nodes in the system, which could be measured with the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP). Hence in this paper, we investigate the time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements based UE positioning accuracy improvement, exploiting the geometric distribution of BSs in mixed LOS and NLOS environment. We propose a BS selection algorithm for UE positioning based on the GDOP of the BSs participating in the positioning process. Simulations are conducted for indoor and outdoor scenarios that use antenna arrays with beam-based mmWave NR communication. Results demonstrate that the proposed BS selection can achieve higher positioning accuracy with fewer radio resources compared to the other BS selection methods.
摘要
fifth-generation (5G) 移动通信支持毫米波(mmWave)技术和更高的基站(BS) 密度化，以提高用户设备(UE) 定位。因此，5G ћеллиular 系统被设计为有多种定位测量和特殊定位引导信号，以满足不同的用 caso 需求，期望 stringent 定位精度。一个 major factor 影响 particular 定位估计的精度是系统中节点的几何学分布(GDOP)。因此，在这篇论文中，我们调查了时差到达(TDOA) 测量基于 UE 定位精度改进，利用混合 LOS 和 NLOS 环境中 BSs 的几何学分布。我们提议一种基于 GDOP 的 BS 选择算法 для UE 定位。我们对indoor 和 outdoor enario 进行了 simulations，使用扫描器数组和 beam-based mmWave NR 通信。结果表明，我们提议的 BS 选择可以在 fewer radio resources 下实现更高的定位精度，相比其他 BS 选择方法。
An introduction to radar Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) technology in ground-based radar systems
results: 这篇论文表明了通过应用ATR技术，可以提高雷达探测范围和跟踪能力，从而提高情况意识。 更重要的是，这篇论文还指出了有三种需要ATR技术的急需应用：探测隐形飞机、对小型无人机进行应对和实施防护措施。Abstract
This paper presents a brief examination of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) technology within ground-based radar systems. It offers a lucid comprehension of the ATR concept, delves into its historical milestones, and categorizes ATR methods according to different scattering regions. By incorporating ATR solutions into radar systems, this study demonstrates the expansion of radar detection ranges and the enhancement of tracking capabilities, leading to superior situational awareness. Drawing insights from the Russo-Ukrainian War, the paper highlights three pressing radar applications that urgently necessitate ATR technology: detecting stealth aircraft, countering small drones, and implementing anti-jamming measures. Anticipating the next wave of radar ATR research, the study predicts a surge in cognitive radar and machine learning (ML)-driven algorithms. These emerging methodologies aspire to confront challenges associated with system adaptation, real-time recognition, and environmental adaptability. Ultimately, ATR stands poised to revolutionize conventional radar systems, ushering in an era of 4D sensing capabilities.
摘要
Note: Simplified Chinese is also known as "简化字" or "简体字".Translation notes:* "Automatic Target Recognition" is translated as "自动目标识别" (zìhuì mùzhì bǐ)* "ground-based radar systems" is translated as "地面雷达系统" (dìmiàn léi da xìtǒng)* "cognitive radar" is translated as "认知雷达" (xiǎngchí léi da)* "machine learning-driven algorithms" is translated as "机器学习驱动算法" (jīshēng xuéxí jíxiàng yùdòng)* "4D sensing capabilities" is translated as "4D感知能力" (4D gǎn zhī nénglì)
Optimizing IoT-Based Asset and Utilization Tracking: Efficient Activity Classification with MiniRocket on Resource-Constrained Devices
paper_authors: Marco Giordano, Silvano Cortesi, Michele Crabolu, Lavinia Pedrollo, Giovanni Bellusci, Tommaso Bendinelli, Engin Türetken, Andrea Dunbar, Michele Magno
for: 这 paper 描述了一种有效的解决方案，使得建筑工具 retrofit 为低功率 IoT 设备，以实现准确的活动分类。
methods: 本 paper 使用了一种新发布的算法called MiniRocket，以实现时间序列分类的准确性和功耗减少。
results: 实验结果表明，提posed 解决方案可以在具有限制的资源的 IoT 设备上实现96.9%的准确率，并且具有低于 15μW 的平均电流吞吐量，可以实现3-9年的电池寿命。Abstract
This paper introduces an effective solution for retrofitting construction power tools with low-power IoT to enable accurate activity classification. We address the challenge of distinguishing between when a power tool is being moved and when it is actually being used. To achieve classification accuracy and power consumption preservation a newly released algorithm called MiniRocket was employed. Known for its accuracy, scalability, and fast training for time-series classification, in this paper, it is proposed as a TinyML algorithm for inference on resource-constrained IoT devices. The paper demonstrates the portability and performance of MiniRocket on a resource-constrained, ultra-low power sensor node for floating-point and fixed-point arithmetic, matching up to 1% of the floating-point accuracy. The hyperparameters of the algorithm have been optimized for the task at hand to find a Pareto point that balances memory usage, accuracy and energy consumption. For the classification problem, we rely on an accelerometer as the sole sensor source, and BLE for data transmission. Extensive real-world construction data, using 16 different power tools, were collected, labeled, and used to validate the algorithm's performance directly embedded in the IoT device. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves an accuracy of 96.9% in distinguishing between real usage status and other motion statuses while consuming only 7kB of flash and 3kB of RAM. The final application exhibits an average current consumption of less than 15{\mu}W for the whole system, resulting in battery life performance ranging from 3 to 9 years depending on the battery capacity (250-500mAh) and the number of power tool usage hours (100-1500h).
摘要
The paper demonstrates the portability and performance of MiniRocket on a resource-constrained, ultra-low power sensor node for floating-point and fixed-point arithmetic, achieving up to 1% of the floating-point accuracy. The hyperparameters of the algorithm were optimized for the task at hand to find a Pareto point that balances memory usage, accuracy, and energy consumption.For the classification problem, an accelerometer was used as the sole sensor source, and BLE was used for data transmission. Extensive real-world construction data, using 16 different power tools, were collected, labeled, and used to validate the algorithm's performance directly embedded in the IoT device.Experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves an accuracy of 96.9% in distinguishing between real usage status and other motion statuses while consuming only 7kB of flash and 3kB of RAM. The final application exhibits an average current consumption of less than 15μW for the whole system, resulting in battery life performance ranging from 3 to 9 years depending on the battery capacity (250-500mAh) and the number of power tool usage hours (100-1500h).
Time-Domain Channel Estimation for Extremely Large MIMO THz Communications with Beam Squint
results: 我们的实验结果表明，提出的SC技术在THz通信中表现更好于传统的多Provider（MC）方法以及当前的多Provider（MC）方法。Abstract
In this paper, we study the problem of extremely large (XL) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation in the Terahertz (THz) frequency band, considering the presence of propagation delays across the entire array apertures, which leads to frequency selectivity, a problem known as beam squint. Multi-carrier transmission schemes which are usually deployed to address this problem, suffer from high peak-to-average power ratio, which is specifically dominant in THz communications where low transmit power is realized. Diverging from the usual approach, we devise a novel channel estimation problem formulation in the time domain for single-carrier (SC) modulation, which favors transmissions in THz, and incorporate the beam-squint effect in a sparse vector recovery problem that is solved via sparse optimization tools. In particular, the beam squint and the sparse MIMO channel are jointly tracked by using an alternating minimization approach that decomposes the two estimation problems. The presented performance evaluation results validate that the proposed SC technique exhibits superior performance than the conventional one as well as than state-of-the-art multi-carrier approaches.
摘要
在这篇论文中，我们研究了超广频（XL）多输入多输出（MIMO）通道估算问题在tera哈兹（THz）频率带中，考虑到普通频率延迟所导致的频率选择性问题，即矩形扫描问题。通常使用多卡рий传输方案来解决这个问题，但这会导致高峰至平均功率比，特别是在THz通信中， где实现低发射功率。在这篇论文中，我们提出了一种新的时域频率域频率估算问题的解决方案，采用单卡рий（SC）模ulation，并具有减少频率选择性的效果。具体来说，我们将矩形扫描和稀疏MIMO通道作为两个估算问题，并使用循环最小化方法来解决它们。论文中所提出的性能评估结果表明，我们的SC技术在比较减少频率选择性下表现更优于传统的方法以及当前的多卡рий方法。
Design and Implementation of an RSSI-Based Bluetooth Low Energy Indoor Localization System
paper_authors: Silvano Cortesi, Marc Dreher, Michele Magno
for: This paper presents a low-cost and energy-efficient indoor localization system using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology.
methods: The system uses a received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based approach and a low complex weighted k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm to process raw RSSI data from connection-less iBeacon’s.
results: The experimental results show an average error of only 0.72 m in realistic conditions, and the overall power consumption of the fixed beacon is only 50 uA at 3 V, leading to a long-lasting solution of over one year with a 500 mAh coin battery.Abstract
Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is a crucial technology that enables medical staff and hospital managements to accurately locate and track persons or assets inside the medical buildings. Among other technologies, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) can be exploited for achieving an energy-efficient and low-cost solution. This work presents the design and implementation of an received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based indoor localization system. The paper shows the implementation of a low complex weighted k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm that processes raw RSSI data from connection-less iBeacon's. The designed hardware and firmware are implemented around the low-power and low-cost nRF52832 from Nordic Semiconductor. Experimental evaluation with the real-time data processing has been evaluated and presented in a 7.2 m by 7.2 m room with furniture and 5 beacon nodes. The experimental results show an average error of only 0.72 m in realistic conditions. Finally, the overall power consumption of the fixed beacon with a periodic advertisement of 100 ms is only 50 uA at 3 V, which leads to a long-lasting solution of over one year with a 500 mAh coin battery.
摘要
室内定位系统（IPS）是医疗人员和医院管理人员可以准确定位和跟踪室内人员或资产的关键技术。 among other technologies, Bluetooth Low Energy（BLE）可以被利用来实现能效和成本低的解决方案。 这项工作描述了基于接收信号强度指标（RSSI）的室内定位系统的设计和实现。 文章显示了使用低复杂度Weighted k-Nearest Neighbors算法处理Raw RSSI数据，并在connection-less iBeacon上实现了简单的硬件和软件实现。 实验评估了使用实时数据处理的实际情况，并在7.2米 x 7.2米的房间中进行了5个Beacon节点的实验。 实验结果显示，在实际情况下的平均误差只有0.72米。 最后，fixed beacon的 periodic advertisement 100ms 的能量消耗只有50 uA bei 3 V，这导致了一个可持续的解决方案，可以在500 mAh coin battery上持续使用耗电量超过一年。
methods: 作者提供了反例以证明 Proposition 4 的错误，并指出了证明中的缺陷。 furthermore, the authors provide numerical evidence suggesting that lemma 3, theorem 1, and proposition 2 are likely to be false.
results: 作者提出了修改论文中 theorem 4 的陈述，使其符合实际情况。 In addition, the authors provide a construction that guarantees convergence in the sense of proposition 4.Abstract
This correspondence points out a technical error in Proposition 4 of the paper [1]. Because of this error, the proofs of Lemma 3, Theorem 1, Theorem 3, Proposition 2, and Theorem 4 in that paper are no longer valid. We provide counterexamples to Proposition 4 and discuss where the flaw in its proof lies. We also provide numerical evidence indicating that Lemma 3, Theorem 1, and Proposition 2 are likely to be false. Since the proof of Theorem 4 depends on the validity of Proposition 4, we propose an amendment to the statement of Theorem 4 of the paper using convergence in operator norm and prove this rigorously. In addition, we also provide a construction that guarantees convergence in the sense of Proposition 4.
摘要
这封电子邮件指出了论文中提案4中的技术错误。由于这个错误，论文中的 Lemma 3、Theorem 1、Theorem 3、Proposition 2 和 Theorem 4 的证明不再有效。我们提供了对 Proposition 4 的反例，并讲解了证明中的缺陷。我们还提供了一些数据证明 Lemma 3、Theorem 1 和 Proposition 2 可能无效。由于 Theorem 4 的证明受到 Proposition 4 的有效性的影响，我们提议修改论文中 Theorem 4 的陈述，使用 Operator norm 的极限来证明其正确性。此外，我们还提供了一种 garantuee convergency 的构造。
Distributed MIMO for 6G sub-Networks in the Unlicensed Spectrum
paper_authors: Mohamed Elwekeil, Lorenzo Galati Giordano, Paolo Baracca, Stefano Buzzi
for: 本研究针对第六代（6G）子网络，预期会满足高可靠低延迟通信（HRLLC）需求。
methods: 本研究使用 listen before talk（LBT）技术，评估多个子网络在服务区域中的运作可能性，并考虑使用分布式多Input多Output（MIMO）技术，将每个子网络中的可用天线分布到多个存取点（AP）上。
results: 比较不同的分布式MIMO配置和中央MIMO配置，分析它们对于HRLLC的影响。Abstract
In this paper, we consider the sixth generation (6G) sub-networks, where hyper reliable low latency communications (HRLLC) requirements are expected to be met. We focus on a scenario where multiple sub-networks are active in the service area and assess the feasibility of using the 6 GHz unlicensed spectrum to operate such deployment, evaluating the impact of listen before talk (LBT). Then, we explore the benefits of using distributed multiple input multiple output (MIMO), where the available antennas in every sub-network are distributed over a number of access points (APs). Specifically, we compare different configurations of distributed MIMO with respect to centralized MIMO, where a single AP with all antennas is located at the center of every sub-network.
摘要
在这篇论文中，我们考虑了第六代（6G）子网络，其中超低延迟低可靠通信（HRLLC）要求需要满足。我们关注了多个子网在服务区域中同时活跃的情况，并评估了在6 GHz无线频率带中运行这种部署的可行性，包括听前说（LBT）的影响。然后，我们探讨了使用分布式多输入多输出（MIMO）的好处，其中每个子网的可用天线被分布在一些访问点（AP）上。我们比较了不同的分布式MIMO配置与中央MIMO配置，其中每个子网的中心处有一个单一的AP所拥有所有天线。
Device Detection and Channel Estimation in MTC with Correlated Activity Pattern
results: 经过数学实验表明，提出的方法可以获得显著的用户识别精度和通道估计性能提升。Abstract
This paper provides a solution for the activity detection and channel estimation problem in grant-free access with correlated device activity patterns. In particular, we consider a machine-type communications (MTC) network operating in event-triggered traffic mode, where the devices are distributed over clusters with an activity behaviour that exhibits both intra-cluster and inner-cluster sparsity patterns. Furthermore, to model the network's intra-cluster and inner-cluster sparsity, we propose a structured sparsity-inducing spike-and-slab prior which provides a flexible approach to encode the prior information about the correlated sparse activity pattern. Furthermore, we drive a Bayesian inference scheme based on the expectation propagation (EP) framework to solve the JUICE problem. Numerical results highlight the significant gains obtained by the proposed structured sparsity-inducing spike-and-slab prior in terms of both user identification accuracy and channel estimation performance.
摘要
Locally Self-Adjustive Smoothing for Measurement Noise Reduction with Application to Automated Peak Detection
paper_authors: Keisuke Ozawa, Tomoya Itakura, Taisuke Ono
for: 这篇论文是为了提出一种地方自适应的平滑方法，以实现几何平滑和当地精确性。
methods: 论文使用了一个参数，可以控制全局平滑程度，同时使用数据本身来保持地方平滑。
results: 实验和实际应用显示，该方法可以实现实际情况下的优化噪声减少，并且与现有的扩散平滑方法比较，具有较好的性能。Abstract
Smoothing is widely used approach for measurement noise reduction in spectral analysis. However, it suffers from signal distortion caused by peak suppression. A locally self-adjustive smoothing method is developed that retains sharp peaks and less distort signals. The proposed method uses only one parameter that determines global smoothness, while balancing the local smoothness using data itself. Simulation and real experiments in comparison with existing convolution-based smoothing methods indicate both qualitatively and quantitatively improved noise reduction performance in practical scenarios. We also discuss parameter selection and demonstrate an application for the automated smoothing and detection of a given number of peaks from noisy measurement data.
摘要
均拟合是 spectral analysis 中广泛使用的一种纹理减少方法。然而，它会导致信号扭曲由峰点抑制。我们开发了一种基于本地自适应纹理方法，可以保留锐利峰点而减少信号扭曲。该方法仅需一个全局纹理程度的参数，同时通过数据自身进行局部纹理平衡。在实验中，我们对现有核函数纹理方法进行比较，并表明在实际应用中具有较好的噪声减少性能。我们还讨论参数选择并示例了自动纹理和峰点检测的应用。Note: The translation is done using Google Translate and may not be perfect. Please let me know if you need further assistance or if you would like me to use a different translation tool.
Low-Complex Channel Estimation in Extra-Large Scale MIMO with the Spherical Wave Properties
results: тео리тиче和实验结果表明，提出的算法可以降低复杂度，不会降低通道估计的精度。Abstract
This paper investigates the low-complex linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) channel estimation in an extra-large scale MIMO system with the spherical wave model (SWM). We model the extra-large scale MIMO channels using the SWM in the terahertz (THz) line-of-sight propagation, in which the transceiver is a uniform circular antenna array. On this basis, for the known channel covariance matrix (CCM), a low-complex LMMSE channel estimation algorithm is proposed by exploiting the spherical wave properties (SWP). Meanwhile, for the unknown CCM, a similar low-complex LMMSE channel estimation algorithm is also proposed. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower complexity without reducing the accuracy of channel estimation.
摘要
Terahertz Induced Protein Interactions in a Random Medium
results: 研究者们发现，通过调整天线功率和频率，可以提高蛋白质相互作用的可控性。此外，通过 probabilistic 分析，研究者们获得了一种新的视角，可以理解外部条件对蛋白质叠层动力学和结构的影响，以及如何利用这些还未开发的工具来控制蛋白质相互作用。Abstract
Folding of proteins into their correct native structure is key to their function. Simultaneously, the intricate interplay between cell movement and protein conformation highlights the complex nature of cellular processes. In this work, we demonstrate the impact of Terahertz (THz) signaling on controlling protein conformational changes in a random medium. Our system of interest consists of a communication link that involves a nanoantenna transmitter, a protein receiver, and a channel composed of moving red blood cells. Due to the system dynamics, we investigate the influence of both the fast and slow channel variations on protein folding. Specifically, we analyze the system's selectivity to asses the effectiveness of the induced THz interaction in targeting a specific group of proteins under fading conditions. By optimizing the selectivity metric with respect to the nanoantenna power and frequency, it is possible to enhance the controllability of protein interactions. Our probabilistic analysis provides a new perspective regarding electromagnetically triggered protein molecules, their microenvironment and their interaction with surrounding particles. It helps elucidate how external conditions impact the protein folding kinetics and pathways. This results in not only understanding the mechanisms underlying THz-induced protein interactions but also engineering these still-emerging tools.
摘要
<>翻译文本到简化中文。<>蛋白质的折叠到其正确的自然结构是关键于其功能。同时，细胞移动和蛋白质结构之间的复杂互动推翻细胞生物过程的复杂性。在这项工作中，我们展示了特拉赫兹（THz）信号在控制蛋白质结构变化中的影响。我们的系统包括一个通信链，包括一个奈米天线发送器、一个蛋白质接收器和一个由移动红细胞组成的通道。由于系统动力学，我们研究了速度和慢速通道变化对蛋白质折叠的影响。 Specifically，我们分析了系统的选择性，以评估THz交互所引起的特定组蛋白质的影响下的折叠。通过调整选择性指标与奈米天线功率和频率相关，可以提高蛋白质交互的可控性。我们的概率分析提供了一个新的视角，描述了电磁谱诱发的蛋白质分子、它的微环境以及与周围粒子的交互。它帮助了解外部条件对蛋白质折叠动力学和折叠路径的影响，从而更好地理解THz谱诱发蛋白质交互的机制，并开发这些仍在级探索的工具。
Label Space Partition Selection for Multi-Object Tracking Using Two-Layer Partitioning
results: 提出一种高效的标签分配方法，能够在大规模跟踪问题中实现扩展性和高速计算。并对提出方法的性能进行比较分析，结果显示提出方法在大规模数据集上表现出色。Abstract
Estimating the trajectories of multi-objects poses a significant challenge due to data association ambiguity, which leads to a substantial increase in computational requirements. To address such problems, a divide-and-conquer manner has been employed with parallel computation. In this strategy, distinguished objects that have unique labels are grouped based on their statistical dependencies, the intersection of predicted measurements. Several geometry approaches have been used for label grouping since finding all intersected label pairs is clearly infeasible for large-scale tracking problems. This paper proposes an efficient implementation of label grouping for label-partitioned generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter framework using a secondary partitioning technique. This allows for parallel computation in the label graph indexing step, avoiding generating and eliminating duplicate comparisons. Additionally, we compare the performance of the proposed technique with several efficient spatial searching algorithms. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach on large-scale data sets, enabling scalable trajectory estimation.
摘要
estimate trajectories of multiple objects poses a significant challenge due to data association ambiguity, leading to a substantial increase in computational requirements. To address such problems, a divide-and-conquer manner has been employed with parallel computation. In this strategy, distinguished objects that have unique labels are grouped based on their statistical dependencies, the intersection of predicted measurements. Several geometry approaches have been used for label grouping since finding all intersected label pairs is clearly infeasible for large-scale tracking problems. This paper proposes an efficient implementation of label grouping for label-partitioned generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter framework using a secondary partitioning technique. This allows for parallel computation in the label graph indexing step, avoiding generating and eliminating duplicate comparisons. Additionally, we compare the performance of the proposed technique with several efficient spatial searching algorithms. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach on large-scale data sets, enabling scalable trajectory estimation.Here's a word-for-word translation of the text into Simplified Chinese:估算多个对象的轨迹poses 一个重要挑战，由于数据关联不确定性，计算量增加了一个很大的幅度。为Addressing这些问题，使用了分治的方法，并使用并行计算。在这种策略中，通过统计依赖关系，将 отличитель的对象分组，基于预测测量的交叉。几种geometry方法已经用于标签分组，因为找到所有交叉标签对是大规模跟踪问题中不可能的。本文提出了一种高效的标签分组实现方式，使用次要分区技术，以避免生成和消除重复比较。此外，我们还对提出的方法进行了与多种高效空间搜索算法进行比较。结果表明，提出的方法在大规模数据集上具有优秀性能，可以实现扩展的轨迹估算。
Channel State Information-Free Location-Privacy Enhancement: Delay-Angle Information Spoofing
methods: 使用延迟角度信息欺骗（DAIS）策略，Shift location-relevant delays and angles without relying on channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, obfuscating the eavesdropper with a physical location distinct from the true one.
results: 1) 透明化了地址私钥分享，2) 对于非法搜索者，达到了高于15dB的性能下降，3) 对于泄露precoder结构的攻击，具有较高的难度。Abstract
In this paper, a delay-angle information spoofing (DAIS) strategy is proposed for location-privacy enhancement. By shifting the location-relevant delays and angles without the aid of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, the eavesdropper is obfuscated by a physical location that is distinct from the true one. A precoder is designed to preserve location-privacy while the legitimate localizer can remove the obfuscation with the securely shared information. Then, a lower bound on the localization error is derived via the analysis of the geometric mismatch caused by DAIS, validating the enhanced location-privacy. The statistical hardness for the estimation of the shared information is also investigated to assess the robustness to the potential leakage of the designed precoder structure. Numerical comparisons show that the proposed DAIS scheme results in more than 15 dB performance degradation for the illegitimate localizer at high signal-to-noise ratios, which is comparable to a recently proposed CSI-free location-privacy enhancement strategy and is less sensitive to the precoder structure leakage than the prior approach.
摘要
在本文中，一种延迟角信息骗人（DAIS）策略是提出了用于增强位置隐私。通过在发射机没有通道状态信息（CSI）的帮助下，shift位置相关的延迟和角度，骗人被误导到一个与真实位置不同的物理位置。为保护位置隐私，一个适应器是设计的，而合法的地图可以通过安全地分享信息来除掉骗人。然后，通过分析几何偏差引起的地理匹配的下界，确认提高了位置隐私。此外，我们也 investigate了共享信息的统计困难性，以评估逃逸预处理器结构的Robustness。 numerically，我们发现，提出的DAIS方案在高信号响应率下，对非法地图的性能下降至少15dB，与之前提出的CSI自由位置隐私加强策略相当，并且对预处理器结构泄露更为敏感。