paper_authors: Flor Ortiz, Juan A. Vasquez-Peralvo, Jorge Querol, Eva Lagunas, Jorge L. Gonzalez Rios, Marcele O. K. Mendonca, Luis Garces, Victor Monzon Baeza, Symeon Chatzinotas
for: 本研究旨在提高卫星通信系统的资源管理效率，以满足动态交通需求和宽频带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽带宽�Abstract
Satellite communications (SatCom) are crucial for global connectivity, especially in the era of emerging technologies like 6G and narrowing the digital divide. Traditional SatCom systems struggle with efficient resource management due to static multibeam configurations, hindering quality of service (QoS) amidst dynamic traffic demands. This paper introduces an innovative solution - real-time adaptive beamforming on multibeam satellites with software-defined payloads in geostationary orbit (GEO). Utilizing a Direct Radiating Array (DRA) with circular polarization in the 17.7 - 20.2 GHz band, the paper outlines DRA design and a supervised learning-based algorithm for on-board beamforming. This adaptive approach not only meets precise beam projection needs but also dynamically adjusts beamwidth, minimizes sidelobe levels (SLL), and optimizes effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP).
摘要
Statistical Results of Multivariate Fox-H Function for Exact Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted Wireless Communication
paper_authors: vinay kumar chapala, S. M. Zafaruddin for: This paper aims to provide an exact analysis of the ergodic capacity and outage probability of RIS-assisted wireless systems using a multivariate Fox-H function to characterize the statistical properties of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).methods: The proposed approach uses a novel method to obtain the distribution of the sum of independent and non-identically distributed (i.ni.d) random variables characterized by the multivariate Fox-H function. The authors also develop a general framework for an exact analysis of the ergodic capacity when the multivariate Fox-H function characterizes the statistics of SNR.results: The paper derives exact expressions for the outage probability and ergodic capacity of RIS-assisted wireless systems under Rician fading channels with phase errors. The results are validated through computer simulations, and the performance of the RIS-assisted system is demonstrated under various practically relevant scenarios for a better performance assessment.Abstract
Existing research provides statistical results on the sum of single-variate Fox-H functions to analyze the performance of diversity receivers and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) based wireless systems. There is a research gap in exact performance analysis when more than a single-variate Fox-H function represents the statistical characterization of wireless systems. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to obtain the distribution of the sum of independent and non-identically distributed (i.ni.d) random variables characterized by the multivariate Fox-H function. Further, we develop a general framework for an exact analysis of the ergodic capacity when the multivariate Fox-H function characterizes the statistics of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We apply the derived results to conduct an exact performance analysis of outage probability and ergodic capacity, taking an example of RIS-assisted communication over Rician fading channels with phase errors. We conduct computer simulations to validate the exact analysis and demonstrate performance of the RIS-assisted system under various practically relevant scenarios for a better performance assessment.
摘要
existingu research provides statistical results on the sum of single-variate Fox-H functions to analyze the performance of diversity receivers and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) based wireless systems. There is a research gap in exact performance analysis when more than a single-variate Fox-H function represents the statistical characterization of wireless systems. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to obtain the distribution of the sum of independent and non-identically distributed (i.ni.d) random variables characterized by the multivariate Fox-H function. Further, we develop a general framework for an exact analysis of the ergodic capacity when the multivariate Fox-H function characterizes the statistics of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We apply the derived results to conduct an exact performance analysis of outage probability and ergodic capacity, taking an example of RIS-assisted communication over Rician fading channels with phase errors. We conduct computer simulations to validate the exact analysis and demonstrate performance of the RIS-assisted system under various practically relevant scenarios for a better performance assessment.Here's the word-for-word translation of the text into Simplified Chinese:现有研究提供了单variate Fox-H函数的统计结果，以分析多样化接收机和智能表面（RIS）基于无线系统的性能。研究存在多variate Fox-H函数表征无线系统的统计分析凌隙。在这篇论文中，我们提出了一种新的方法，以获得独立和非相同分布（i.ni.d）随机变量的总和的分布，这些随机变量由多variate Fox-H函数表征。此外，我们还提出了一个通用的框架，用于准确分析吞吐量（ergodic capacity），当多variate Fox-H函数表征无线系统的统计。我们应用得出的结果，进行了准确的性能分析，包括失业概率和吞吐量的分析，使用RIS协助通信系统在Rician折射投射通道上的示例。我们还进行了计算机实验，以验证准确分析，并在不同的实际情况下，展示RIS协助系统的性能。
Map-assisted TDOA Localization Enhancement Based On CNN
results: 研究表明，使用CNN预测NLOS多Path效应引起的本地化错误后，对比TDOA本地化算法的结果，NLOS多Path效应 correction表现出色，可以大幅提高TDOA的准备精度。Abstract
For signal processing related to localization technologies, non line of sight (NLOS) multipaths have great impact over the localization error level. This study proposes a localization correction method based on convolution neural network (CNN) that extracts obstacles' features from maps to predict the localization errors caused by NLOS effects. A novel compensation scheme is developed and structured around the localization error predicted by the CNN. Four prediction tasks are executed over the building distributions within the maps and the propagation model in urban zones, resulting in CNN models with high prediction accuracy. Finally, a thorough comparison of the accuracy performance between the time difference of arrival (TDOA) localization algorithm and the results after the error compensation reveals that, generally, the CNN prediction approach demonstrates a great localization error correction performance. It can be observed that the powerful feature extraction capability of CNN can be exploited by processing surrounding maps to predict localization error distribution, which has great potential in further enhancement of TDOA performance under challenging scenarios with rich multi-path propagation.
摘要
Translated into Simplified Chinese:为信号处理相关的本地化技术，非线视程（NLOS）多paths有着很大的影响于本地化错误水平。本研究提出了基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的本地化修正方法，该方法通过从地图中提取障碍物特征来预测NLOS效应所导致的本地化错误。基于这个预测结果，我们开发了一种新的补偿方案，并将其结构化为本地化错误预测值。在 urbana 区域内，执行了四个预测任务，这些任务是基于建筑物分布和propagation模型。结果显示，CNN模型具有高度预测精度。最后，对TDOA本地化算法和补偿后的结果进行了严格的比较，可以看到，通过CNN预测方法可以对本地化错误进行高度的修正。这表明，CNN的强大特征提取能力可以通过处理周围的地图来预测本地化错误分布，这有很大的潜力，可以进一步提高TDOA性能在复杂的场景下。
ExPECA: An Experimental Platform for Trustworthy Edge Computing Applications
paper_authors: Samie Mostafavi, Vishnu Narayanan Moothedath, Stefan Rönngren, Neelabhro Roy, Gourav Prateek Sharma, Sangwon Seo, Manuel Olguín Muñoz, James Gross
methods: 该测试环境基于OpenStack-based Chameleon Infrastructure（CHI）框架，利用其灵活性和操作 convenienceto provide a highly controlled underground facility for wireless experiments.
results: 通过使用OpenRTiST应用程序，研究人员可以在ExPECA测试环境中进行灵活的实验和性能分析，并且可以利用容器化计算环境来支持多种研究领域和实验设置。Abstract
This paper presents ExPECA, an edge computing and wireless communication research testbed designed to tackle two pressing challenges: comprehensive end-to-end experimentation and high levels of experimental reproducibility. Leveraging OpenStack-based Chameleon Infrastructure (CHI) framework for its proven flexibility and ease of operation, ExPECA is located in a unique, isolated underground facility, providing a highly controlled setting for wireless experiments. The testbed is engineered to facilitate integrated studies of both communication and computation, offering a diverse array of Software-Defined Radios (SDR) and Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) wireless and wired links, as well as containerized computational environments. We exemplify the experimental possibilities of the testbed using OpenRTiST, a latency-sensitive, bandwidth-intensive application, and analyze its performance. Lastly, we highlight an array of research domains and experimental setups that stand to gain from ExPECA's features, including closed-loop applications and time-sensitive networking.
摘要
To demonstrate the experimental capabilities of the testbed, we use OpenRTiST, a latency-sensitive, bandwidth-intensive application, and analyze its performance. Additionally, we highlight a variety of research domains and experimental setups that can benefit from ExPECA's features, including closed-loop applications and time-sensitive networking.Translated into Simplified Chinese:这篇论文介绍了ExPECA，一个Edge computing和无线通信研究测试床，旨在解决两个紧迫的挑战：全面的端到端实验和高水平的实验复制性。利用OpenStack基础设施的Chameleon基础设施（CHI）框架，ExPECA位于一个独特的地下设施中，提供了一个高度控制的无线实验环境。测试床设计用于探索无线通信和计算的集成研究，提供了一系列Software-Defined Radio（SDR）和商业可用的无线和有线链路，以及容器化的计算环境。我们使用OpenRTiST，一个延迟敏感、带宽敏感的应用程序，来示例测试床的实验可能性，并分析其性能。此外，我们还高亮了一些研究领域和实验设置，可以从ExPECA的特点中受益，包括关闭Loop应用和时间敏感网络。
Decentralized Federated Learning on the Edge over Wireless Mesh Networks
results: 研究结果显示，将使用Genetic Algorithm进行压缩可以将 particiants的本地模型大小压缩到基线中的一半，并且与中央化 Federated Learning 和传统的分布式机器学习相比，在类别任务中实现相似的精度和平均损失。此外，它还可以实现大量数据的压缩和通信带宽的减少。Abstract
The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has generated vast amounts of data, leading to the emergence of federated learning as a novel distributed machine learning paradigm. Federated learning enables model training at the edge, leveraging the processing capacity of edge devices while preserving privacy and mitigating data transfer bottlenecks. However, the conventional centralized federated learning architecture suffers from a single point of failure and susceptibility to malicious attacks. In this study, we delve into an alternative approach called decentralized federated learning (DFL) conducted over a wireless mesh network as the communication backbone. We perform a comprehensive network performance analysis using stochastic geometry theory and physical interference models, offering fresh insights into the convergence analysis of DFL. Additionally, we conduct system simulations to assess the proposed decentralized architecture under various network parameters and different aggregator methods such as FedAvg, Krum and Median methods. Our model is trained on the widely recognized EMNIST dataset for benchmarking handwritten digit classification. To minimize the model's size at the edge and reduce communication overhead, we employ a cutting-edge compression technique based on genetic algorithms. Our simulation results reveal that the compressed decentralized architecture achieves performance comparable to the baseline centralized architecture and traditional DFL in terms of accuracy and average loss for our classification task. Moreover, it significantly reduces the size of shared models over the wireless channel by compressing participants' local model sizes to nearly half of their original size compared to the baselines, effectively reducing complexity and communication overhead.
摘要
“因互联网物联网（IoT）装置的快速增长，导致机器学习（ML）模型训练的大量数据生成，带来了分布式机器学习（FedML）的出现。 FedML可以在边缘进行模型训练，利用边缘设备的处理能力，同时保持隐私和减少数据传输瓶须。但是，传统中央化的 FedML架构受到单点失效和黑客攻击的威胁。在这篇研究中，我们研究了一种分布式 FedML（DFL）架构，通过无线 mesh 网络作为通信基础建构。我们使用Stochastic Geometry Theory和物理干扰模型进行网络性能分析，提供新的混合分析方法。此外，我们还进行系统实验，评估我们的对称架构在不同网络参数和组合方法（如FedAvg、Krum和Median方法）下的表现。我们的模型是基于EMNIST资料集，用于测试手写数字分类。为了优化模型在边缘的存储和减少通信负载，我们使用 cutting-edge 干扰技术，基于遗传算法实现模型压缩。我们的实验结果显示，压缩的分布式架构可以与中央化架构和传统的 DFL 相比，在准确性和平均损失方面具有相似的表现，同时对于我们的分类任务，对模型的共享大小进行了有效的压缩，从而减少了网络负载和复杂度。”
Enhanced Traffic Congestion Management with Fog Computing: A Simulation-based Investigation using iFog-Simulator
paper_authors: Alzahraa Elsayed, Khalil Mohamed, Hany Harb
for: 提高智能城市压力堵塞管理系统的准确延迟计算，以便在云计算中处理大量数据。
methods: fog computing技术，以实现在边缘处理而不是云计算。
results: 比较其他方法，包括IOV和STL，并确定提出的系统模型在各种纪录中的优劣表现。Abstract
Accurate latency computation is essential for the Internet of Things (IoT) since the connected devices generate a vast amount of data that is processed on cloud infrastructure. However, the cloud is not an optimal solution. To overcome this issue, fog computing is used to enable processing at the edge while still allowing communication with the cloud. Many applications rely on fog computing, including traffic management. In this paper, an Intelligent Traffic Congestion Mitigation System (ITCMS) is proposed to address traffic congestion in heavily populated smart cities. The proposed system is implemented using fog computing and tested in a crowded city. Its performance is evaluated based on multiple metrics, such as traffic efficiency, energy savings, reduced latency, average traffic flow rate, and waiting time. The obtained results are compared with similar techniques that tackle the same issue. The results obtained indicate that the execution time of the simulation is 4,538 seconds, and the delay in the application loop is 49.67 seconds. The paper addresses various issues, including CPU usage, heap memory usage, throughput, and the total average delay, which are essential for evaluating the performance of the ITCMS. Our system model is also compared with other models to assess its performance. A comparison is made using two parameters, namely throughput and the total average delay, between the ITCMS, IOV (Internet of Vehicle), and STL (Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Procedure based on LOESS). Consequently, the results confirm that the proposed system outperforms the others in terms of higher accuracy, lower latency, and improved traffic efficiency.
摘要
优质延迟计算是智能物联网（IoT）中不可或缺的，因为连接设备生成的数据量非常大，需要在云基础设施上处理。但云不是最佳解决方案。为了解决这个问题，fog计算被用来启用边缘处理，同时仍允许与云进行通信。许多应用程序依赖于fog计算，包括交通管理。在这篇论文中，一个智能交通堵塞缓解系统（ITCMS）被提出，以解决智能城市中高度拥堵的交通问题。该系统采用fog计算实现，并在热点城市进行测试。其性能被评估基于多个纪录，包括交通效率、能源储存、延迟、平均交通流速和等待时间。获得的结果与其他解决方案进行比较，结果表明，提案系统在多个纪录中表现更高精度、更低延迟和更好的交通效率。system model comparison also is made with other models to assess its performance. A comparison is made using two parameters, namely throughput and the total average delay, between the ITCMS, IOV (Internet of Vehicle), and STL (Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Procedure based on LOESS). Consequently, the results confirm that the proposed system outperforms the others in terms of higher accuracy, lower latency, and improved traffic efficiency.
Modulation Design and Optimization for RIS-Assisted Symbiotic Radios
For: 提高RIS协助SR系统中干扰链的性能，解决SR系统中简单干扰链的干扰问题。* Methods: 提出一种新的Modulation scheme，将RIS的频率差分成两部分：征文件不变部分和征文件变部分，用于协助主传和传输次信号。通过解决复合信号的检测问题，提高主和次传信号的比特错误率性能。* Results: 对比 conventional modulation scheme，提出的新Modulation scheme能够提高SR系统中干扰链的性能，并且可以在主传链受阻时提供更好的性能。Abstract
In reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted symbiotic radio (SR), the RIS acts as a secondary transmitter by modulating its information bits over the incident primary signal and simultaneously assists the primary transmission, then a cooperative receiver is used to jointly decode the primary and secondary signals. Most existing works of SR focus on using RIS to enhance the reflecting link while ignoring the ambiguity problem for the joint detection caused by the multiplication relationship of the primary and secondary signals. Particularly, in case of a blocked direct link, joint detection will suffer from severe performance loss due to the ambiguity, when using the conventional on-off keying and binary phase shift keying modulation schemes for RIS. To address this issue, we propose a novel modulation scheme for RIS-assisted SR that divides the phase-shift matrix into two components: the symbol-invariant and symbol-varying components, which are used to assist the primary transmission and carry the secondary signal, respectively. To design these two components, we focus on the detection of the composite signal formed by the primary and secondary signals, through which a problem of minimizing the bit error rate (BER) of the composite signal is formulated to improve both the BER performance of the primary and secondary ones. By solving the problem, we derive the closed-form solution of the optimal symbol-invariant and symbol-varying components, which is related to the channel strength ratio of the direct link to the reflecting link. Moreover, theoretical BER performance is analyzed. Finally, simulation results show the superiority of the proposed modulation scheme over its conventional counterpart.
摘要
在协助式广播（SR）中，协助器（RIS） behave as a secondary transmitter by modulating its information bits over the incident primary signal and simultaneously assisting the primary transmission，然后使用协同接收器来联合解码主要和次要信号。大多数现有的SR工作都忽略了在共同检测中的混淆问题，特别是在直接链路被阻断时，共同检测将受到严重的性能损失due to the multiplication relationship between the primary and secondary signals。为解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新的模ulation scheme for RIS-assisted SR，该方案将分解阶跃矩阵into two components：符号不变和符号变components，用于帮助主传输和传输次要信号，分别。为设计这两个组成部分，我们关注了主传输和次要传输的复合信号的检测，并通过解决这个问题，我们得到了closed-form solution of the optimal symbol-invariant and symbol-varying components，该解决方案与直接链路到反射链路的通信强度比进行关系。此外，我们还进行了理论性能分析。最后，我们通过实验结果展示了我们的提案方案的优越性。
Combating Inter-Operator Pilot Contamination in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Assisted Multi-Operator Networks
methods: investigate the implications of this effect in systems with either deterministic or correlated Rayleigh fading channels, specifically focusing on its impact on channel estimation quality, signal equalization, and channel capacity.
results: numerical results demonstrate the substantial degradation in system performance caused by this phenomenon and highlight the pressing need to address inter-operator pilot contamination in multi-operator RIS deployments. To combat the negative effect of this new type of pilot contamination, we propose to use orthogonal RIS configurations during uplink pilot transmission, which can mitigate or eliminate the negative effect of inter-operator pilot contamination at the expense of some inter-operator information exchange and orchestration.Abstract
In this paper, we study a new kind of pilot contamination appearing in multi-operator reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) assisted networks, where multiple operators provide services to their respective served users. The operators use dedicated frequency bands, but each RIS inadvertently reflects the transmitted uplink signals of the user equipment devices in multiple bands. Consequently, the concurrent reflection of pilot signals during the channel estimation phase introduces a new inter-operator pilot contamination effect. We investigate the implications of this effect in systems with either deterministic or correlated Rayleigh fading channels, specifically focusing on its impact on channel estimation quality, signal equalization, and channel capacity. The numerical results demonstrate the substantial degradation in system performance caused by this phenomenon and highlight the pressing need to address inter-operator pilot contamination in multi-operator RIS deployments. To combat the negative effect of this new type of pilot contamination, we propose to use orthogonal RIS configurations during uplink pilot transmission, which can mitigate or eliminate the negative effect of inter-operator pilot contamination at the expense of some inter-operator information exchange and orchestration.
摘要
Comparison of Different Segmentations in Automated Detection of Hypertension Using Electrocardiography with Empirical Mode Decomposition
results: 使用5-fold cross-validation技术，在ECG数据集中实现了99.9991%和99.9989%的准确率，表明该方法在诊断HPT中具有潜在的用途。Abstract
Hypertension (HPT) refers to a condition where the pressure exerted on the walls of arteries by blood pumped from the heart to the body reaches levels that can lead to various ailments. Annually, a significant number of lives are lost globally due to diseases linked to HPT. Therefore, the early and accurate diagnosis of HPT is of utmost importance. This study aimed to automatically and with minimal error detect patients suffering from HPT by utilizing electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The research involved the collection of ECG signals from two distinct groups. These groups consisted of ECG data of both five thousand and ten thousand data points in length, respectively. The performance in HPT detection was evaluated using entropy measurements derived from the 5-layer Intrinsic Mode Function(IMF) signals through the application of the Empirical Mode Decomposition method. The resulting performances were compared based on the nine features extracted from each IMF. To summarize, employing the 5-fold cross-validation technique, the most exceptional accuracy rates achieved were 99.9991% and 99.9989% for ECG data of lengths five thousand and ten thousand,respectively, using decision tree algorithms. These remarkable performance results indicate the potential usefulness of this method in assisting medical professionals to identify individuals with HPT.
摘要
高血压（HPT）是指心脏吐出到体内的血液压力超过了正常范围，可能导致多种疾病。每年全球都有很多人因与HPT相关的疾病而丧生。因此，早期准确诊断HPT的重要性是自然的。本研究目的是使用电子心电团（ECG）信号自动、准确地诊断患有HPT的患者。研究中收集了ECG信号的两个组。这两个组分别包括5000和10000个数据点的ECG数据。通过使用预测方法，对5层内含函数（IMF）信号进行了Entropy测量，以评估HPT检测的性能。基于每个IMF提取的9个特征进行比较。总结来说，通过使用5fold交叉验证法，使用决策树算法的情况下，ECG数据的5000和10000个数据点的性能最高达99.9991%和99.9989%。这些优异的性能结果表明这种方法在帮助医生诊断HPT患者有潜在的用途。
Noncontact Detection of Sleep Apnea Using Radar and Expectation-Maximization Algorithm
results: 这研究通过对五名呼吸障碍症状患者进行同时的诊断和激光测量，发现这方法可以每小时检测出呼吸障碍事件4.8次，与传统的阈值基本方法相比，提高了准确性1.8倍，显示了我们提出的方法的有效性。Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome requires early diagnosis because this syndrome can lead to a variety of health problems. If sleep apnea events can be detected in a noncontact manner using radar, we can then avoid the discomfort caused by the contact-type sensors that are used in conventional polysomnography. This study proposes a novel radar-based method for accurate detection of sleep apnea events. The proposed method uses the expectation-maximization algorithm to extract the respiratory features that form normal and abnormal breathing patterns, resulting in an adaptive apnea detection capability without any requirement for empirical parameters. We conducted an experimental quantitative evaluation of the proposed method by performing polysomnography and radar measurements simultaneously in five patients with the symptoms of sleep apnea syndrome. Through these experiments, we show that the proposed method can detect the number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour with an error of 4.8 times/hour; this represents an improvement in the accuracy by 1.8 times when compared with the conventional threshold-based method and demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method.
摘要
睡眠呼吸暂停综合症需早期诊断，因为这种病种可能会导致多种健康问题。如果可以使用雷达探测sleep apnea事件而不用触摸式传感器，我们就可以避免由传统多somnography所带来的不适感。本研究提出了一种基于雷达的新方法，能够准确检测sleep apnea事件。该方法使用了望望-最大化算法提取呼吸特征，从而实现了不需任何参数的自适应apnea检测能力。我们在五名睡眠呼吸暂停症病人身上同时进行了多somnography和雷达测量，并通过实验证明了我们的提议方法可以准确地检测每小时的apnea和低吸量事件数量，误差为4.8次/小时，与传统的阈值基于方法相比提高精度1.8倍，这表明了我们的提议方法的有效性。
Fourier Analysis of Signals on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) Using Graph Zero-Padding
results: 该论文的研究结果表明，通过使用graph zero-paddingapproach，可以实现DAG上的spectral评估，并且不会因为Graph结构的变化而带来干扰。这种方法可以帮助解决DAG中的一些问题，如causal关系、依赖关系和流动关系的模型。Abstract
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used for modeling causal relationships, dependencies, and flows in various systems. However, spectral analysis becomes impractical in this setting because the eigendecomposition of the adjacency matrix yields all eigenvalues equal to zero. This inherent property of DAGs results in an inability to differentiate between frequency components of signals on such graphs. This problem can be addressed by adding edges in DAG. However, this approach changes the physics of the considered problem. To address this limitation, we propose a graph zero-padding approach. This approach involves augmenting the original DAG with additional vertices that are connected to the existing structure. The added vertices are characterized by signal values set to zero. The proposed technique enables the spectral evaluation of system outputs on DAGs, that is the computation of vertex-domain convolution without the adverse effects of aliasing due to changes in graph structure.
摘要
Continuous Fluid Antenna Systems: Modeling and Analysis
results: 研究结果表明，CFAS 在比较 discrete 天线系统时表现更好，并提供了 FA 系统的性能限制。Abstract
Fluid antennas (FAs) is a promising technology for introducing flexibility and reconfigurability in wireless networks. Recent research efforts have highlighted the potential gains that can be achieved in comparison to conventional antennas. These works assume that the FA has a discrete number of positions that the liquid can take. However, from a practical standpoint, the liquid moves in a continuous fashion to any point inside the FA. In this paper, we focus on a continuous FA system (CFAS) and present a general framework for its design and analytical evaluation. In particular, we derive closed-form analytical expressions for the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average fade duration of the continuous signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) process over the FA's length. Then, by leveraging the LCR expression, we characterize the system's outage performance with a bound on the cumulative distribution function of the SIR's supremum. Our results confirm that the CFAS outperforms its discrete counterpart and thus provides the performance limits of FA-based systems.
摘要
“流体天线（FA）是一种可能带来flexibility和重新配置的无线网络技术。近期的研究努力表明，相比于传统天线，FA可以获得更大的优化。”“这些研究假设FA具有确定数量的位置，但实际上，流体可以在FA中任意位置移动。在本文中，我们专注于连续FA系统（CFAS），并提出一个通用的设计框架和分析评估。”“具体来说，我们 derivated 点横过率（LCR）和平均障碍时间的关注率表达式，并使用LCR表达式来描述系统的失灵性表现。”“我们的结果显示，CFAS在比较于确定FA系统时表现更好，因此提供了FA-based系统的性能限制。”
From 5G to 6G: Revolutionizing Satellite Networks through TRANTOR Foundation
results: 本研究实现了一个可扩展、安全、高效的卫星网络管理解决方案，可以满足卫星互联网提供商的增长需求和多样化需求。Abstract
5G technology will drastically change the way satellite internet providers deliver services by offering higher data speeds, massive network capacity, reduced latency, improved reliability and increased availability. A standardised 5G ecosystem will enable adapting 5G to satellite needs. The EU-funded TRANTOR project will seek to develop novel and secure satellite network management solutions that allow scaling up heterogeneous satellite traffic demands and capacities in a cost-effective and highly dynamic way. Researchers also target the development of flexible 6G non-terrestrial access architectures. The focus will be on the design of a multi-orbit and multi-band antenna for satellite user equipment (UE), as well as the development of gNodeB (gNB) and UE 5G non-terrestrial network equipment to support multi-connectivity.
摘要
5G技术将完全改变卫星互联网提供商如何提供服务，提供更高的数据速率、更大的网络容量、减少延迟、改善可靠性和提高可用性。标准化的5G生态系统将帮助适应5G卫星需求。欧盟资金支持的TRANTOR项目将努力开发新的安全卫星网络管理解决方案，以满足卫星流量需求和容量的扩展和弹性scaling。研究人员还将 targets developing flexible 6G non-terrestrial access architectures。关注的方面包括卫星用户设备（UE）多天线多频段设计，以及支持多连接的gNodeB（gNB）和UE 5G非地面网络设备的开发。
Mathematical Properties of the Zadoff-Chu Sequences
methods: 论文 derivates a formula to compute the first term (频率为零) of the discrete Fourier transform of a Zadoff-Chu sequence $x_u[n]$ of prime length $N_{\text{ZC}$ and root index $u$, with constant complexity independent of the sequence length.
results: 论文得到了一个公式，可以计算 Zadoff-Chu sequence $x_u[n]$ 的抽象傅立叶变换的首项（频率为零），并且这个公式与赫杯-珠 sequences 的特性有关。Abstract
This paper is a compilation of well-known results about Zadoff-Chu sequences, including all proofs with a consistent mathematical notation, for easy reference. Moreover, for a Zadoff-Chu sequence $x_u[n]$ of prime length $N_{\text{ZC}$ and root index $u$, a formula is derived that allows computing the first term (frequency zero) of its discrete Fourier transform, $X_u[0]$, with constant complexity independent of the sequence length, as opposed to accumulating all its $N_{\text{ZC}$ terms. The formula stems from a famous result in analytic number theory and is an interesting complement to the fact that the discrete Fourier transform of a Zadoff-Chu sequence is itself a Zadoff-Chu sequence whose terms are scaled by $X_u[0]$. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief analysis of time-continuous signals derived from Zadoff-Chu sequences, especially those obtained by OFDM-modulating a Zadoff-Chu sequence.
摘要
Note: "Simplified Chinese" is a translation of the text into Traditional Chinese, which is the standard writing system used in Taiwan and other countries.Here's the translation of the text into Simplified Chinese, which is used in mainland China:这篇论文收集了关于佐道夫-楚 sequences的Well-known Results，包括所有证明，使用一致的数学符号，为易参照。此外，对佐道夫-楚序列 $x_u[n]$ 的 prime length $N_{\text{ZC}$ 和根指数 $u$， derivation 一个公式，可以计算其抽象傅立叙 Transform 的首项（频率为零），X_u[0]，与Constant complexity 独立于序列长度，不同于积累所有 $N_{\text{ZC}$ 项。这个公式基于分析数论中著名的结果，是一种有趣的补充，因为抽象傅立叙 Transform 的佐道夫-楚序列自身是一个扩展的佐道夫-楚序列，其项被扩展为 $X_u[0]$。最后，文章 briefly analyzes time-continuous signals derived from Zadoff-Chu sequences, particularly those obtained by OFDM-modulating a Zadoff-Chu sequence.