results: 本文通过分析SCADA和PMU测量链中每个Component测量链的测量错误来源和导致测量错误展现非零均值、非泊尔分布和时间变化统计特征，提供了一些关于测量链模型的信息。Abstract
In this document, the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurement chain modeling will be studied, where the measurement error sources of each component in the SCADA and PMU measurement chains and the reasons leading to measurement errors exhibiting non-zero-mean, non-Gaussian, and time-varying statistical characteristic are summarized and analyzed. This document provides a few equations, figures, and discussions about the details of the SCADA and PMU measurement error chain modeling, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of how the measurement errors are designed for each component in the SCADA and PMU measurement chains. The measurement chain models described here are also used for synthesizing measurement errors with realistic characteristics in simulation cases to test the developed algorithms or methodologies.
摘要
在这份文档中，我们将研究超visory control和数据获取（SCADA）和phasor measurement unit（PMU）测量链模型化，包括每个SCADA和PMU测量链中的测量错误来源以及导致测量错误表现非零均值、非泊尔分布和时间变化统计特征的原因。本文提供了一些方程、图表和讨论，用于解释SCADA和PMU测量链中每个组件的测量错误设计，以及如何使用这些模型来生成实际特征的测量错误。这些测量链模型也可以用来在 simulations中测试已经开发的算法或方法。
Low-complexity Linear Multicast Beamforming for Cache-aided MIMO Communications
results: 我们通过定义相对稳定率（symmetric rate），即每用户接收的部分重叠流总带宽，来评估提posed scheme。我们使用代替优化和顺序凸 Approximation（SCA）解决非对称稳定率最大化问题。此外，我们还开发了一种快速 iterative Lagrangian-based算法，减少了计算负担相比之前的设计。我们通过广泛的 simulations 证明了我们的提案的有效性。Abstract
A practical and scalable multicast beamformer design in multi-input multi-output~(MIMO) coded caching~(CC) systems is introduced in this paper. The proposed approach allows multicast transmission to multiple groups with partially overlapping user sets using receiver dimensions to distinguish between different group-specific streams. Additionally, it provides flexibility in accommodating various parameter configurations of the MIMO-CC setup and overcomes practical limitations, such as the requirement to use successive interference cancellation~(SIC) at the receiver, while achieving the same degrees-of-freedom~(DoF). To evaluate the proposed scheme, we define the symmetric rate as the sum rate of the partially overlapping streams received per user, comprising a linear multistream multicast transmission vector and the linear minimum mean square error~(LMMSE) receiver. The resulting non-convex symmetric rate maximization problem is solved using alternative optimization and successive convex approximation~(SCA). Moreover, a fast iterative Lagrangian-based algorithm is developed, significantly reducing the computational overhead compared to previous designs. The effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated by extensive simulations.
摘要
本文提出了一种实用并可扩展的多播扩 beamformer设计方法，用于多输入多出力（MIMO）编码缓存（CC）系统。该方法允许多播传输多个群组，使用接收维度来分辨不同群组专用流。此外，该方法可以适应不同的 MIMO-CC 设置参数，并超越实际限制，例如在接收端使用successive interference cancellation（SIC），而达到同样的度量。为评估提议方案，我们定义了对称率为每个用户收到多播流的相互 overlap 流速率，包括多播流传输矩阵和线性最小均方误差（LMMSE）接收器。得到的非 conjugate 对称率最大化问题可以使用代替优化和Successive Convex Approximation（SCA）解决。此外，我们还开发了一种快速的Lagrangian基于算法，可以快速减少计算负担。对比之前的设计，我们的方法的效iveness被实验证明。
The optimization, design and performance of the FBCM23 ASIC for the upgraded CMS beam monitoring system
results: 通过优化设计、总体架构和细节实现，实现了高速和高精度的束条件监测系统。Abstract
We present the development of the FBCM23 ASIC designed for the Phase-II upgrade of the Fast Beam Condition Monitoring (FBCM) system built at the CMS experiment which will replace the present luminometer based on the BCM1F ASIC [1]. The FBCM system should provide reliable luminosity measurement with 1 ns time resolution enabling the detection of beam-induced background. The FBCM23 ASIC comprises 6 channels of the fast front-end amplifier working in transimpedance configuration followed by CR-RC$^3$ shaper and leading edge discriminator. The paper will show the optimization of the design, overall architecture, and the detailed implementation in a CMOS 65 nm process as well as preliminary electrical performance.
摘要
我团队在 presente 端的 FBCM23 ASIC 的开发，该 ASIC 用于 CMS 实验中的 Phase-II 升级 Fast Beam Condition Monitoring (FBCM) 系统，将取代现有的 luminosimeter 基于 BCM1F ASIC [1]。 FBCM 系统应该提供高可靠性的 luminosity 测量，时间分辨率为 1 ns，以检测 beam-induced background。 FBCM23 ASIC 包括 6 个 быстро前端晶体管工作在抗阻挺配置下，然后是 CR-RC$^3$ 涨幅器和主边缘分类器。 我们将在 CMOS 65 nm 制程中实现这个设计，并将提供优化设计、总体架构和详细实现。 此外，我们还将介绍 FBCM23 ASIC 的初步电子性能。
Indefinite causal order for quantum phase estimation with Pauli noise
for: 这个论文探讨了最近的Switched quantum channels with indefinite causal order在量子阶段测量任务中的应用，特别是在Pauli noise中。
methods: 该论文使用了 Switched quantum channels with indefinite causal order来探讨量子阶段测量任务中的Pauli noise的影响。
results: 研究发现，Pauli noise可以导致非标准的能力，与标准的量子阶段测量任务不同。这些能力具有特定的Pauli noise特征，同时也与 depolarizing noise和thermal noise相似。Abstract
This letter further explores the recent scheme of switched quantum channels with indefinite causal order applied to the reference metrological task of quantum phase estimation in the presence of noise. We especially extend the explorations, previously reported with depolarizing noise and thermal noise, to the class of Pauli noises, important to the qubit and not previously addressed. Nonstandard capabilities, not accessible with standard quantum phase estimation, are exhibited and analyzed, with significant properties that are specific to the Pauli noises, while other properties are found in common with the depolarizing noise or the thermal noise. The results show that the presence and the type of quantum noise are both crucial to the determination of the nonstandard capabilities from the switched channel with indefinite causal order, with a constructive action of noise reminiscent of stochastic resonance phenomena. The study contributes to a more comprehensive and systematic characterization of the roles and specificities of quantum noise in the operation of the novel devices of switched quantum channels with indefinite causal order.
摘要
Translated into Simplified Chinese:这封信件进一步探讨了最近提出的Switched quantum channels with indefinite causal order的方案，应用于量子阶段估计任务中的量子噪声存在下。我们特别扩展了之前对 depolarizing noise和thermal noise的探讨，到Pauli noise这一类，对于qubit而言非常重要，尚未被考虑。我们发现了不可 accessing的非标准功能，并对其进行分析，发现了Pauli noise特有的特征，同时也发现了与 depolarizing noise或thermal noise相同的特征。结果表明，噪声的存在和类型都是 Switched channel with indefinite causal order中非标准功能的决定因素，具有constructive noise的特点，类似于Stochastic resonance现象。这种研究对于Quantum noise在Switched quantum channels with indefinite causal order新型设备中的作用进行了更加全面和系统的描述。
On Age of Information and Energy-Transfer in a STAR-RIS-assisted System
paper_authors: Mohammad Reza Kavianinia, Mohammad Mehdi Setoode, Mohammad Javad Emadi
for: 这 paper 的主要目标是提高无线传感器网络中的能量有限设备和时间敏感应用的性能，包括充电设备和提供时间敏感信息用户的状态更新。
methods: 这 paper 使用了多天线基站（BS）和同时发送和反射可配置智能表面（STAR-RIS），以控制状态更新性能，并对信息用户进行适应频率和干扰优化。
results: 通过对干扰优化和频率选择进行优化，可以降低时间敏感信息用户的平均吞吐量，同时满足能量收集设备的最低能量要求。 Additionally, two different energy-splitting and mode switching policies at STAR-RIS are studied.Abstract
Battery-limited devices and time-sensitive applications are considered as key players in the forthcoming wireless sensor network. Therefore, the main goal of the network is two-fold; Charge battery-limited devices, and provide status updates to users where information-freshness matters. In this paper, a multi-antenna base station (BS) in assistance of simultaneously-transmitting-and-reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) transmits power to energy-harvesting devices while controlling status update performance at information-users by analyzing age of information (AoI) metric. Therefore, we derive a scheduling policy at BS, and analyze joint transmit beamforming and amplitude-phase optimization at BS and STAR-RIS, respectively, to reduce average sum-AoI for the time-sensitive information-users while satisfying minimum required energy at energy-harvesting users. Moreover, two different energy-splitting and mode switching policies at STAR-RIS are studied. Then, by use of an alternating optimization algorithm, the optimization problem is studied and non-convexity of the problem is tackled by using the successive convex approximation technique. Through numerical results, AoI-metric and energy harvesting requirements of the network are analyzed versus different parameters such as number of antennas at BS, size of STAR-RIS, and transmitted power to highlight how we can improve two fold performance of the system by utilizing STAR-RIS compared to the conventional RIS structure.
摘要
供电量限制的设备和时间敏感应用是未来无线传感网络的关键参与者。因此，无线传感网络的主要目标是两重的：充电供电量限制的设备，并提供时间敏感的用户状态更新。在这篇论文中，一个多天线基站（BS）在协助同时传输和反射可配置智能表面（STAR-RIS）的情况下，向能量收集设备传输能量，并控制状态更新性能，以保证信息的新鲜度。因此，我们 derive了一个排序策略，并分析了基站和STAR-RIS的共同发射扩展和振荡优化，以降低时间敏感信息用户的平均总新鲜度，同时满足能量收集用户的最低能量要求。此外，我们还研究了STAR-RIS中的能量分配和模式切换策略。然后，通过使用 alternate optimization algorithm，我们研究了优化问题，并使用Successive Convex Approximation技术来解决非 convex性问题。通过numerical results，我们分析了无线传感网络中的AoI-度量和能量收集要求，并对不同参数（BS的天线数、STAR-RIS的大小和传输功率）进行了分析，以highlight如何通过使用STAR-RIS提高无线传感网络的双重性能。
Empowering the 6G Cellular Architecture with Open RAN
results: 研究表明，采用Open RAN架构可以实现6G网络的许多优点，包括更高的可扩展性、更好的可用性、更高的能效率和更低的成本。同时，Open RAN架构也可以支持许多新的使用场景，如无人机支持和在原来未得到服务的地区进行成本效果的扩展。Abstract
Innovation and standardization in 5G have brought advancements to every facet of the cellular architecture. This ranges from the introduction of new frequency bands and signaling technologies for the radio access network (RAN), to a core network underpinned by micro-services and network function virtualization (NFV). However, like any emerging technology, the pace of real-world deployments does not instantly match the pace of innovation. To address this discrepancy, one of the key aspects under continuous development is the RAN with the aim of making it more open, adaptive, functional, and easy to manage. In this paper, we highlight the transformative potential of embracing novel cellular architectures by transitioning from conventional systems to the progressive principles of Open RAN. This promises to make 6G networks more agile, cost-effective, energy-efficient, and resilient. It opens up a plethora of novel use cases, ranging from ubiquitous support for autonomous devices to cost-effective expansions in regions previously underserved. The principles of Open RAN encompass: (i) a disaggregated architecture with modular and standardized interfaces; (ii) cloudification, programmability and orchestration; and (iii) AI-enabled data-centric closed-loop control and automation. We first discuss the transformative role Open RAN principles have played in the 5G era. Then, we adopt a system-level approach and describe how these Open RAN principles will support 6G RAN and architecture innovation. We qualitatively discuss potential performance gains that Open RAN principles yield for specific 6G use cases. For each principle, we outline the steps that research, development and standardization communities ought to take to make Open RAN principles central to next-generation cellular network designs.
摘要
5G技术的创新和标准化对于每个细节的无线网络架构都带来了进步。这包括新的频率带和信号技术的引入 для无线访问网络（RAN），以及基于微服务和网络函数虚拟化（NFV）的核心网络。然而，与任何新技术一样，实际部署的速度不能 Instantly match the pace of innovation。为了解决这个差距，一个关键的开发方向是RAN，以使其更加开放、适应性强、功能强和易于管理。在这篇论文中，我们强调了接受新的细节架构的潜在可transformative的潜力，从传统系统转移到进步的开放RAN原则。这承诺了6G网络更加灵活、成本效益、能效和可靠。它开放了一系列新的应用场景，从无限支持自动化设备到低成本扩展到之前未经服务的地区。开放RAN原则包括：（i）分解的架构，模块化和标准化接口；（ii）云化、可编程和管理；以及（iii）基于人工智能的数据驱动关闭控制和自动化。我们首先讨论了在5G时代中开放RAN原则的转变性作用。然后，我们采用系统化方法，描述了如何在6G RAN和架构方面应用开放RAN原则。我们qualitatively讨论了开放RAN原则对特定6G应用场景的可能性提升。对每一原则，我们列出了研究、开发和标准化社区应该采取的步骤，以使开放RAN原则成为下一代无线网络设计的中心。
MAINS: A Magnetic Field Aided Inertial Navigation System for Indoor Positioning
results: 比起单独的INS，MAINS显示出了remarkable two orders of magnitude reduction in position error，并且与现有磁场帮助导航方法相比，显示了slightly improved horizontal position accuracy。Abstract
A Magnetic field Aided Inertial Navigation System (MAINS) for indoor navigation is proposed in this paper. MAINS leverages an array of magnetometers to measure spatial variations in the magnetic field, which are then used to estimate the displacement and orientation changes of the system, thereby aiding the inertial navigation system (INS). Experiments show that MAINS significantly outperforms the stand-alone INS, demonstrating a remarkable two orders of magnitude reduction in position error. Furthermore, when compared to the state-of-the-art magnetic-field-aided navigation approach, the proposed method exhibits slightly improved horizontal position accuracy. On the other hand, it has noticeably larger vertical error on datasets with large magnetic field variations. However, one of the main advantages of MAINS compared to the state-of-the-art is that it enables flexible sensor configurations. The experimental results show that the position error after 2 minutes of navigation in most cases is less than 3 meters when using an array of 30 magnetometers. Thus, the proposed navigation solution has the potential to solve one of the key challenges faced with current magnetic-field simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solutions: the very limited allowable length of the exploration phase during which unvisited areas are mapped.
摘要
本文提出了一种基于磁场的慢 Navigation System (MAINS)，用于室内导航。MAINS 利用一个磁场仪数组测量空间磁场变化，然后用此来估算系统的位移和方向变化，从而帮助惯性导航系统 (INS)。实验结果表明，相比单独使用 INS，MAINS 可以大幅提高位置精度， reductions in position error of two orders of magnitude were observed. Comparing with the state-of-the-art magnetic-field-aided navigation approach, the proposed method exhibits slightly improved horizontal position accuracy. However, it has noticeably larger vertical error on datasets with large magnetic field variations. One of the main advantages of MAINS compared to the state-of-the-art is that it enables flexible sensor configurations. The experimental results show that the position error after 2 minutes of navigation in most cases is less than 3 meters when using an array of 30 magnetometers. Therefore, the proposed navigation solution has the potential to solve one of the key challenges faced with current magnetic-field simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solutions: the very limited allowable length of the exploration phase during which unvisited areas are mapped.
Metasurface Sensing Approach to DOA Estimation of Coherent Signals
results: 相比传统DOA估计方法，该方法具有两大优点：一是只需一个接收通道，可以避免频道匹配错误；二是可以处理多个普通信号。对不同条件下的性能曲线进行分析，并与现有方法进行比较。实验结果表明该方法的有效性。Abstract
The DOA estimation method of coherent signals based on periodical coding metasurface is proposed. After periodical coding, the DOA information of incident signals in the time domain is represented as the amplitude and phase information at different frequency points in the frequency domain. Finite time Fourier transform (FTFT) is performed on the received signal and appropriate frequency points are selected to reconstruct the frequency domain snapshot, then pattern smoothing (PS) technique is applied to execute DOA estimation. Compared with conventional DOA estimation methods, the proposed method has two main advantages: one is that only a single receiving channel is needed to avoid the appearance of channel mismatch errors, the other is that it can process with multiple coherent signals. The performance curves of the proposed method are analyzed under different conditions and compared with existing methods. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
摘要
提出了基于 periodic coding 的干扰信号 DOA 估计方法。在时域中，Periodical coding 后，入射信号的 DOA 信息被表示为不同频点的幅度和频率域中的相位信息。接下来，对接收信号进行 Finite Time Fourier Transform (FTFT)，选择合适的频点来重建频率域Snapshot，然后应用 Pattern Smoothing (PS) 技术进行 DOA 估计。与传统 DOA 估计方法相比，该方法有两个主要优势：一是只需一个接收通道，可以避免通道匹配错误；二是可以处理多个干扰信号。对不同条件下的性能曲线进行分析并与现有方法进行比较，实验结果表明该方法的有效性。